Phram. Quiz 1.txt

Study of drugs (chemicals, including their origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms.

Any chemical that alters the organisms's functions or processes. Ex: O2, OH, LSD, heparin, epinephrine, and vitamins.

What are the five ways drugs are named?

Name that indicates the drug's chemical structure.

A name assigned by a manufacturer to an experimental chemical that shows potential as a drug. Ex: Aerosol SCH 1000

An experimental drug becomes approved for general use. The generic name becomes the?

Known as the nonproprietary name, in contrast to the brand name.

proprietary name, given by a particular manufacturer.

Is a book of standards containing information about medications, dietary supplements, and medical devices.

This annual volume provides useful information, including descriptive color charts for drug identification, names of manufacturers, and general drug actions.

What is the source of manufacturing thyroid hormone, insulin, pancreatic dornase

What is the source used to manufacture, Khellin (Ammi visnaga), atropine (belladonna alkaloid), digitalis (foxglove), reserpine (Rauwolfia serpentina), volatile oils of eucalyptus, pine, anise

What is the source used to manufacture Copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), mineral oil (liquid hydrocarbons)

What is the first process for drug approval in the US?

In this stage of drug aproval animal studies are done, general effects studied, special effects on organs systems and toxicolody studies.

In the investigational new drug (IND) approval, how many phase studies are there?

Which phase has studies done on small number of healthy subjects?

Which phase has studies done on small number of subjects with disease?

Which phase has studies on Large multicenter studies

New drug application (NDA) has a reporting system for the first _________?

is a drug or biologic product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease

drug does not require a prescription for purchase

is the written order for a drug, along with any specific instructions for compounding, dispensing, and taking the drug. This order may be written by a physician, osteopath, dentist, veterinarian, and others but not by chiropractors or opticians.

What is the most common source of drug preperation?

Research and development and pre and post clinical trials for a new drug may meet or exceed?

What is insulin prepared from?

What is the first step in drug development?

What is digitalis prepared from?

What is the second step in drug development?

What are datropine, khelin and reserpine prepared from?

What is the third stepo in drug development?

When is a new drug tested on humans?

When is a new drug released for general clinical use?

These drugs are delivered by oral or nasal inhalation. Inteneded to provide a local topical treatment of the respiratory tract.

What are some advantages of Aerosolized agents?

What drug group does antibiotics or antituberculous drugs fall?

What drug group does curariform agents fall under?

What drug group does analgesics and sedatives/hypnotics fall under?

What drug group does cardiac glycosides and lidocaine fall under?

What drug group does �-blocking agents or nitroglycerin fall under?

What drug group does heparin or strepokinase fall under?

What drug group does thiazides pr furosemide fall under?

A physician can indicate to the pharmacist that generic substitution is permitted in the filling of a prescription. In such a case, the pharmacist may provide any manufacturer's version of the prescribed drug and not _________.

What percentage of the drug impacts in the mouth or oropharynx?

What percent reaches the stomach? (this includes the percantage that lands in the mouth ot oropharynx)

What is the accepted percentage pf medication that reaches the lower respiratory tract?

The aerosol drug can be absorbed from the stomach and metabolized in the liver, producing a?

The site of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is determined by the principles governing diffusion of drugs through ________.

If the first -pass metabolism is high, systemic levels are due only to?

If the first- pass metabolism is low and drug is swallowed, these is a higher systemic level from gastrointestinal tract absorption, which may increase what?

What is the first -pass metabolism percentage of Albuterol?

What is the first -pass metabolism percentage of Budesonide?

What is the first -pass metabolism percentage of Terbutaline?

It is thought that aerosol drugs interact with the site of action in the airway: examples are?

If the inhaled drug is not removed by mucociliary action or locally inactivated, the drug may be ______, and this increases the systemic availability of the drug.

is a drug or chemical that binds to a corresponding receptor (affinity) and initiates a cellular effect or response.

Is a drug or chemical that is able to bind to a receptor (affinity) but causes nor response.

inhibits or blocks the agonist at the receptor?

Agonists are devided further into to catagories

is a durg that gives a higher maximal responce.

Has less efficacy than a full agonist

Direct chemical interaction between drug and biologic mediator, which inactivates the drug. An example is chelation of toxic metals by a chelating agent

Can occur when two drugs each produce an effect, and the two effects cancel each other. For example, methacholine can stimulate parasympathetic (muscarinic) receptors in the airways, causing bronchoconstriction; epinephrine can stimulate �2 receptors in the airways, causing bronchodilation.

Occurs when a drug has affinity for a receptor but no efficacy and at the same time blocks the active agonist from binding to and stimulating the receptor. For example, fexofenadine is a competitive antagonist to histamine on specific receptors (H1) on bronchial smooth muscle and the nasopharynx and is used to treat allergies to pollens.

Occurs when two drugs act on a target organ by different mechanisms of action, and the effect of the drug pair is greater than the sum of the separate effects of the drugs.

Occurs when two drugs act on the same receptors, and the combined effect is the simple linear sum of the effects of the two drugs, up to a maximal effect.

A special case of synergism in which one drug has no effect but can increase the activity of the other drug.

Global term describing or referring to extension, auxiliary, or add-on devices attached to MDIs for administration. This term can include �spacer� and �valved holding chamber�.

Simple tube or extension device with no one-way valves to contain the aerosol cloud; its purpose is simply to extend the MDI spray away from the mouth.

Describing the tendency of aerosol particles to remain in suspension.

Spacer device with the addition of one-way valve to contain and hold the aerosol cloud until inspiration occurs.

refers to the delivery of aerosol particles to the respiratory tract.

What are the three main uses of aerosol in respiratory care?

is a suspension of solid or liquid particles whose deposition in the respiratory tract is determined by inertial impaction, gravitational settling (sedimentation), and, perhaps less importantly, diffusion (brownian motion).

Suspension of liquid or solid particles between 0.001 and 100 micrometers (�m) in diameter in a carrier gas.2 For pulmonary diagnostic and therapeutic applications, the particle size range of interest is 1 to 10 �m. Particles in this size range are small enough to exist as a suspension and to enter the lung and large enough to deposit and contain the required amount of an agent.