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Rostral
Toward the front, following the spinal cord
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Caudal
Toward the back, toward the tail, following the spinal cord
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Anterior
In front of, front
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Posterior
After, behind, following, toward rear
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Distal
Away from, farther from origin
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Proximal
Near, closer to origin
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Lateral
Toward the side, away form midline
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Medial
Toward midline, middle, away from side
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Temporal Lobe
- Location: Lateral
- Function: Auditory perception, processes speech & vision, and forms long term memory
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Occipital Lobe
- Location: Posterior
- Funciton: Processes vision and creates dreams
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Parietal Lobe
- Location: Dorsal
- Function: Integrates sensory info and stores knowledge of numbers and their relations
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Frontal Lobe
- Location: Anterior
- Function: Has dopamine-sensitive neurons (reward, attention, short term memory tasks, planning, and motivation)
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Spinal Cord
- Location: Caudal
- Function: Conduit for motor info, sensory info, and center for coordinating certain reflexes
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Medulla
- Location: Caudal
- Function: Contains cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers. Deals w/ autonomic, involuntary functions (ie. breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)
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Cerebellum
- Location: Caudal
- Function: Motor control: cognitive function (attention & language). Regulates fear & pleasure, coordinated mvmt, precission & accurate timing (doesn't initiate mvmt)
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Cerebellar Hemisphere
Location: Lateral
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Cerebellar Vermis
Location: Medial
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Sulcus
- Location: Medial
- Function: Helps increase surface area of brain
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Gyrus
- Location: Lateral
- Function: Helps increase surface area of brain
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Medial Longitudinal Fissure
- Location: Medial
- Function: Separates 2 hemispheres of vertebrate brain
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Cerebrum
- Location: Caudal
- Function: Controls all voluntary action in body
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Trigeminal Nerve
- Location: Lateral, on sides of face
- Function: Responsible for sensation in face & mouth and certain motor functions (biting, chewing, swallowing)
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Pyriform Lobe
- Location: b/n cerebellum and cerebrum
- Function: Perception of smells
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Sylvian Fissure
- Location: Lateral, b/n frontal and parietal lobes
- Function: Divides frontal and parietal lobe
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Rhinal Fissure
- Location: Medial, at the base of stem cell on cerebrum
- Function: Divides neocortex & allocortical (olfactory)
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Optic Nerve
- Location: Medial/Rostral
- Function: Transmits visual info from retinal to brain
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Olfactory Bulb
- Location: Inferior
- Function: Percieves odors
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Meninges
- Location: Envelopes CNS
- Function: Protects CNS
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Dura Matter (meninges)
- Location: Closest to skull
- Function: Supports & surrounds large venous channels carrying blood from brain toward heart
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Arachnoid Matter (meninges)
- Location: Middle
- Function: Provides cushion for CNS
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Pia Matter (meninges)
- Location: Sticks to brain surface & spinal cord
- Function: Nourish's brain
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White Matter
- Location: "Inside" tissue of brain
- Function: Contains glial cells and myelinated axons
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Gray Matter
- Location: "outside" tissue of brain
- Function: Contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites & unmyelinated axons, glial cells, & capilaries
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Choroid Plexus
- Location: Medial/Caudal (b/n cerebellum & medulla)
- Function: Produces cerebrospinal fluid
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