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monocots ( one cotyledon { seed leaf})
- leaves w parallel veins.
- stems reach a certain diameter n do not continue to grow.
- stem fibers or vascular bundles r scattered, not in concentric circles.
- no bark present.
- floral parts arranged in 3s or multiple of 3s.
ex. grasses, corn, wheat, onion family.
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dicots (two cotyledons [ seed leaf] opposite each year)
- leaves w netted veins.
- stems continue to grow in diameter as long as plant lives.
- stem fibers arrange in concentric circles.
- bark develops n can be easily stripped from the remainder of the plant.
- floral parts varies, rarely in 3s.
ex. trees, shrubs, many small plants.
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annual?
a plant that completes its life cycle in 1 year.
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biennial?
a plant that completes its life cyle in 2 years.
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perennial?
a plant that lives year to year.
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photosynthesis?
process by which carbon dioxide + water under the influence of chlorophyll n light produce carbohydrates.
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transpiration?
the loss of water through stomates as water vapor- an evaporation process.
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respiration?
- the oxidation by plants of compounds containing carbon n hydrogen to carbon dioxide n water, n releasing energy.
- is the opposite of photosynthesis.
- breaks down sugar, does not require light or cholorophyll n decreases dry weight.
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stomata?
- small oval openings found on the lower leaf surface.
- is surrounded by 2 kindney shaped cells called guard cells.
- allow the exchange of oxygen n carbon dioxide between the interior of the leaf n the external atmosphere.
- as well as the movement of water vapor from within the leaf.
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translocation?
the movement of food material through a plant.
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phloem?
outer layer conducting cells which transport metablolized food through the plant.
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xylem?
portion nearest the center of stem containing thick-walled cells which carry water or salts( plant nutrients) through the plant.
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cambium?
- thin layer of cells separating phleom from xylem.
- is the growing portion of the plant which forms cells for both the xylem n phloem.
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leaf?
- a lateral outgrowth of the stem.
- usually green in color ( chlorophyll ).
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blade?
expanded, broad portion.
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base?
part that joins leaf to the stem.
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stipules?
- scalelike outgrowths.
- rarely bladelike.
- frequently drop when leaf matures.
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function of the stem?
- support for leaves, flowers n fruits.
- transports water n minerals from roots to leaves n other plant organs.
- conducts manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
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functions of the root?
- absorbs water n minerals from the soil n translocates to the upper plant parts.
- supports plant.
- stores food.
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