formation of Austria and Prussia

Habsburg Empire

when Ottoman decline. by 1718 Austria reconquered all of Hungary, Transylvania and Serbia. It also held land in Netherland and Italy.

"enlightened absolutism". centralizing the administration in Vienna, increasing taxation, creating a professional standing army, and tighten their control over the church, relaxing censorship and instituing a new, more liberal criminal code.

By helping Poland in war against Sweden.

Frederick I

Federick II the Great, 1740

"enlightened absolute". prohibit the judicial torture, abolished bribing judges, establish a system of elementary schools, encourage religious toleration.