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Gender Identity
how you see yourself as male or female
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Transexualism
- aka transgendered
- Prevalence: below 50,000 in US
- Sexual reassignment surgery- 20,000
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gender dysphoria
beginning of a lot of sexual identity problems
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homosexual transsexuals
very feminine, gay male usually
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autogynephilic
transexuals who are stimulated by the idea of their body being the opposite sex
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Effects of stereotypes
sexism
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Gender roles
lead to interpreting behavior in a prejudice way
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Gender Typing
process kids go through, that by which they learn how they should behave as Male or Female
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Biological Perspectives
- genetics and prenatal influences (role of hormones)
- evolutionary perspectives (hunters and gatherers)
- prenatal brain organization (men's brain is larger, hormones and aggression)
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Psychological Perspectives
Psychodynamic theory- Freud
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What age do children acquire gender-role sterotypes?
ages 2.5-3.5
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Social learning theory
treating other children differently, socializing them to be girly, how they behave…socialization
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Cognitive development theory
forming a concept of what it means to be male or female...then trying to behave like that
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Gender Identity
I'm a boy or a girl
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Gender stability
ages 4-5; recognize proper behavior
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Gender Constancy
- age 8
- fuller conceptualization of what it means to be male or female
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Gender Schema Theory
- it is important for kids to have that idea of what it means to be male or female because it helps them to understand what it means to be part of their world; what physical qualities are m/f, behaviors, personality traits, etc.
- judge themselves on how they think they fit into that mold
- affects self esteem
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psychological androgyny
realizing that it is ok to be different...and not fall into the idea of strictly being girly or a manly man...??
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sexual orientation
refers to preference for the sex one is attracted to
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Prevalence of sexual orientation
- 90% will say they are heterosexual,
- only 1.4% women identify themselves as homosexual
- 2.8% men
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Bisexuality
means a person who engages in sexual activity with both sexes, and recognizes a desire to do so
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types of bisexuality
- real orientation
- transitory
- transitional
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real orientation
- they have an attraction early and it continues through adulthood.
- choice of partners may change, but continue to feel attracted to both
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transitory
- doing bisexuality because of something happening in their life
- ie. prison
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transitional
- when people are changing from being heterosexual to homosexual and their in transition
- living both lives
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Psychosocial theories on "What determines sexual orientation?"
- By default theory
- The seduction myth
- Freud's theory
- By choice
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by default
somebody had a bad experience and it turned them off of opposite sex
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seduction myth
there was an older person of same sex that seduced them when they were young and caused them to be homosexual; influential person
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