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dys-
bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
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epi-
upon, over, above, on top
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hyper-
excessive, abnormally high, above
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gen, gene
formation, cause, produce
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lymph
clear water or fluid
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neur
sinew or cord, nerve, fascia
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nucl, nucle
kernel, nucleus
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-gen
producing, formation, causing
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-genic
pertaining to producing , formation, causing
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-oma
abnormal swelling, tumor
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-plasia
shape,formation (its most common use is as a suffix, although the term includes a word root, plas, and a suffix, -ia)
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-plasm
something shaped (may also be used as a word root)
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cytology
the study of cells
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cytologist
someone who studies cells
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three parts of a cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
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cell membrane
outer boundary of a cell. composed of mostly protein and lipids (fats), It regulates the movement of materials in and out of cell
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cytoplasm
forms the main substance of the cell and consist of a thick fluid that contains functional packets known as organelles. The organelles perform most of the cells functions including release and storage of energy
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nucleus
part of the cell that contains the genetic material called DNA. DNA contains more than 30,000 genes.
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tissue
a combination of similar cells that share a common goal, such as providing movement, protection, or secretion.
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histology
study of tissues
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epithelial tissue
- -consists of cells that are arranged closely together.
- -cells may be flat, cubed shpaed or columnar
- - most epithelial tissues cover body surfaces and line body cavities forming a protective sheet over other tissues.
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connnective tissues
- -consists of widely scattered cells that are surrounded by extracellular material.
- -connnective describes the tissues general function of
- connecting cells and tissues to support organs
- -the tissue provides support for softer parts of the body to protect them from injury
- - forms bone and cartilidge as well as fat and blood
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muscle tissues
- -consist of cells that are specialized to contract.
- -three types of muscle tissue:
- 1. skeletal- forms muscles that attach to bones. Produce heat which warms your body when you are cold
- 2.smooth- located in the walls of the hollow organs such as stomach or intestines
- 3.cardiac- forms wall of the heart and produce the hearts contractions that keep blood flowing
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nervous tissues
consists of specialized cells called neurons, that carry information in the form of electrochemical impulses. Neurons along with neurogilial cells form the brain spinal cord and nerves
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chrom-osome
an x shaped structure in cells nucleus that bears DNA.
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cyt-oplasm
a thick fluid that contains organelles and forms the main substance of the cell
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neur-oglial cells
supportive cells within nervous tissue
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nucle-us
the part of the cell that contains the DNA
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organ
a structure made of two or more different types of tissues, that performs a general function in the body
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organelle
small structures within the cytoplasm that perform most cell functions. such as construction of molecules and the release and storage of energy
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anaplasia
a loss of structural organization in a tissue that is permanent
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dysplasia
abnormal tissue development
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hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue, other than by tumor development
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metastasis
the spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor
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remission
improvement or abscence of signs of disease
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adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue; abbreviated adeno-ca
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