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acute angle
an angle whose measure is between 0° and 90°
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acute triangle
a triangle whose three interior angles are all acute
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adjacent angles
two angles that have a common vertex and a common side between them
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altitude of cone (pyramid)
the line segment from the vertex of the cone perpendicular to the plane of the base
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altitude of cylinder (prism)
a line segment between and perpendicular to each of the two bases
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altitude of parallelogram
a line segment drawn perpendicularly from a vertex to a nonadjacent side (known as the related base) of the parallelogram
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altitude of trapezoid
a line segment drawn perpendicularlyfrom a vertex to the remaining parallel side
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altitude of triangle
a line segment drawn perpendicularly from a vertex of the triangle to the opposite side of the triangle; the length of the altitude is the height of the triangle
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angle
the plane figure formed by two rays that share acommon endpoint
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base of isosceles triangle
the side of the triangle whose length is unique; the side opposite the vertex
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bases of trapezoid
the two parallel sides of the trapezoid
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bisector of angle
a ray that separates the given angle into two smaller, congruent angles
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center of circle
the interior point of the circle whose distance from all points on the circle is the same
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center of regular polygon
the common center of the inscribed and circumscribed circles of the regular polygon
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center of sphere
the interior point of the sphere whose distance from all points on the sphere is the same
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central angle of circle
an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle and whose sides are radii of the circle
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central angle of regular polygon
an angle whose vertex is at the center of the regular polygon and whose sides are two consecutive radii of the polygon
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centroid of triangle
the point of concurrence for the three medians of the triangle
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chord of circle
any line segment that joins two points on the circle
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angle of depression (elevation)
acute angle formed by a horizontal ray and a ray determined by a downward (an upward) rotation
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apothem of regular polygon
any line segment drawn from the center of the regular polygon perpendicular to one of its sides
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arc
the segment (part) of a circle determined by two points on the circle and all points between them
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area
the measurement, in square units, of the amount of region within an enclosed plane figure
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auxiliary line
a line (or part of a line) added to a drawing tohelp complete a proof or solve a problem
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base
a side (of a plane figure) or face (of a solid figure) to which an altitude is drawn
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base angles of isosceles triangle
the two congruent angles of the isosceles triangle
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circle
the set of points in a plane that are at a fixed distance from a given point (the center of the circle) in the plane
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circumcenter of triangle
the center of the circumscribed circle of a triangle; the point of concurrence for the perpendicular bisectors of the three sides of the triangle
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circumference
the linear measure of the distance around a circle
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circumscribed circle
a circle that contains all vertices of a polygon whose sides are chords of the circle
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circumscribed polygon
a polygon whose sides are all tangent to a circle in the interior of the polygon
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collinear points
points that lie on the same line
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common tangent
a line (or segment) that is tangent to more than one circle; can be a common external tangent or a common internal tangent
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complementary angles
two angles whose sum of measures is 90°
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concave polygon
a polygon in which at least one diagonal lies in the exterior of the polygon
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concentric circles (spheres)
two or more circles (spheres) that have the same center
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conclusion
the “then” clause of an “If, then” statement; the part of a theorem indicating the claim to be proved
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concurrent lines
three or more lines that contain the same point
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congruent
refers to figures (such as angles) that can be made to coincide
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converse
relative to the statement “If P, then Q,” this statement has the form “If Q, then P”
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convex polygon
a polygon in which all diagonals lie in the interior of the polygon
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coplanar points
points that lie in the same plane
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corollary
a theorem that follows from another theorem as a“by-product”; a theorem that is easily proved as the consequence of another theorem
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cosecant
in a right triangle, the ratio
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cosine
in a right triangle, the ratio
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cotangent
in a right triangle, the ratio
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cube
a right square prism whose edges are congruent
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cyclic polygon
a polygon that can be inscribed in a circle
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cylinder (circular)
the solid generated by all line segments parallel to the axis of the cylinder and which contain corresponding end points on the two congruent circular bases
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decagon
a polygon with exactly 10 sides
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deduction
a form of reasoning in which specific conclusions are reached through the use of established principles
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degree
the unit of measure that corresponds to of a complete revolution; used with angles and arcs
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diagonal of polygon
a line segment that joins two nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon
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diameter
any line segment that joins two points on a circle (or sphere) and that also contains the center of the circle (or sphere)
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dodecagon
a polygon that has exactly 12 sides
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dodecahedron (regular)
a polyhedron that has exactly12 faces that are congruent regular pentagons
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edge of polyhedron
any line segment that joins two consecutive vertices of the polyhedron (includes prisms and pyramids)
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equiangular polygon
a type of polygon whose angles are congruent (equal)
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equilateral polygon
a type of polygon whose sides are congruent(equal)
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equivalent equations
equations for which the solutions are the same
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extended proportion
a proportion that has three or moremembers, such as
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extended ratio
a ratio that compares three or more numbers,such as a:b:c
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exterior
refers to all points that lie outside an enclosed(bounded) plane or solid figure
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exterior angle of polygon
an angle formed by one side of the polygon and an extension of a second side that has a common endpoint with the first side
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extremes of a proportion
- the first and last terms of a proportion; in ,
- a and d are the extremes
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face of polyhedron
any one of the polygons that lies in a plane determined by the vertices of the polyhedron; includes base(s) and lateral faces of prisms and pyramids
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geometric mean
the repeated second and third terms of certain proportions; in ,
b is the geometric mean of a and c
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height
the length of the altitude of a geometric figure
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heptagon
a polygon that has exactly seven sides
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hexagon
a polygon that has exactly six sides
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hexahedron (regular)
a polyhedron that has six congruent square faces; also called a cube
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hypotenuse of right triangle
the side of a right triangle that lies opposite the right angle
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hypothesis
the “if” clause of an “If, then” statement; the part of a theorem providing the given information
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icosahedron (regular)
a polyhedron with 20 congruent faces that are equilateral triangles
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incenter of triangle
the center of the inscribed circle of a triangle; the point of concurrence for the three angle bisectors of the angles of the triangle
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induction
a form of reasoning in which a number of specific observations are used to draw a general conclusion
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inscribed angle of circle
an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides are chords of the circle
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inscribed circle
a circle that lies inside a polygon in such away that the sides of the polygon are tangents of the circle
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inscribed polygon
a polygon whose vertices all lie on a circle in such a way that the sides of the polygon are chords of the circle
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intercepted arc
the arc (an arc) of a circle that is cut off in the interior of an angle (or related angle)
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intercepts
the points at which the graph of an equation intersects the axes
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interior
refers to all points that lie inside an enclosed (bounded) plane or solid figure
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interior angle of polygon
any angle formed by two consecutive sides of the polygon in such a way that the angle lies in the interior of the polygon
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