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language comprehension mode
receptive language : listen read watch
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language production mode
expressive language : talk write sign
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phoneme 2
- smallest unit of sound that can signal a change in meaning
- note sound combination rules
- ex) hat cat
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syntax 2
- rules for sentence organization
- word order
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default syntax
- s + v + o
- subject + verb + object
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morphology 2
- rules for internal organization of words
- word forms
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morpheme 2
- smallest grammatical meaningful unit
- can be 'free' or 'bound'
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free morphemes
- words that stand alone
- ex) book
- not inflected
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bound morphemes
- units of meaning that cannot stand alone
- ex) -ing
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inflection 2
- *what we can do morphologically to specific words; changing the words meaning
- intonation patterns of voice
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semantics 5
- word meaning
- vocab
- lexicon
- synonyms, antonyms
- how words are related to each other
- ex) lady, women, female
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lexicon
your personal list of words that you know and use
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mis-segmentation
- when word meanings get mis-communicated
- ex) "When I grow up do I have to be called a dult?"
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Metalinguistic cues 3
- talk about language
- judge language
- evaluating how the speech was sent and received
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speech requires 3
- respiration
- phonation
- articulation
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generative
with a limited number of symbols and sounds, we can still produce and explain a huge amount of things
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communication includes 3
- nonlinguistic cues
- metalinguistic cues
- paralinguistic cues
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speech is 3
- oral
- neuromuscular production
- physical oral phenomenon
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grammar
the rules of language
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# letters in American English
24
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# sounds in American English
44
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communication is and needs
- exchanging messages
- sender and receiver
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nonlinguistic cues 2
- gestures
- facial expressions
- (non-verbal)
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do you need language for speech?
- yes, but there are exceptions
- ex) parrot
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do you need speech for language?
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phonology 2
- rules governing structure and distribution of speech sounds
- sound sequence and how speech sounds are put together
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characteristics of language 6
- socially shared
- code
- arbitrary symbols
- rule governed system
- symbolic (representative)
- generative
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extralinguistic 3
- paralinguistic cues
- nonlinguistic cues
- metalinguistic cues
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do you need language or speech to communicate?
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paralinguistic cues
aka
can
4
- supra-segmentals
- change message without words changing
- rate of speech
- stress
- pitch
- intonation patterns (prosody)
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linguistic 3
- signing
- writing and reading
- speech and listening
-
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semantics
rules of content
-
language rules of form
- phonology
- morphology
- syntax
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what must we know about COM break downs
- when one occurs
- work together to fix it
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pragmatics 3
- function / intent / reason for speech/COM act
- context of COM/environment
- conversational rules : topic, turn taking, COM breakdowns
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