2nd class fireman

A closed vessel in which water is heated under pressure to create steam

• A closed vessel in which the source of pressure is external to itself,
• not identified as a boiler

Boilers operating over 15 psi shall be inspected internally and externally every year

• 14 days for an internal inspection
• no notice is required for an external inspection

Tanks over 50 psi shall be inspected every 2 years

• Rating on manufacturers tag
• Steam output on tag lbs/hr divided by 34.5
• BTU/hr input divided by 41,840
• BTU/hr output divided by 33,475

• P.L.A.N. divided by 33,000
• P=pressure constant (40, 50, 70)
• L= length of stroke
• A= area of high pressure piston
• N= number of strokes per minute

• Horsepower is based on the outside diameter of the steam supply line
• less than 9 if OD is <1 3/4"
• 50hp if OD is >1 3/4 but < 3 1/2"
• 150hp if OD is > 3 1/2 but < 5.0

Operate a boiler or boilers under the engineer or fireman in direct charge thereof

• Name of owner or user
• location, size and number of boiler
• date of inspection and signature of inspector
• M.A.W.P.

In the engine or boiler room of the plant operated by the licensee

9 to 250 HP

251 to 500 hp

Boilers with 501hp or more .

Any applicant aggrieved by the decision of a single examiner

• fire tube / water tube
• direction of axis
• according to use
• location of furnace and operating pressure

A fire tube boiler has products of combustion inside the tubes which are surrounded by water

A water tube boiler has water inside the tubes which are surrounded by the products of combustion

• A dry top vertical boiler has tubes which extend beyond the normal operating water level
• In a wet top vertical boiler the tubes are completely submerged by water

Horizontal Return Tubular

To allow for sludge or sediment to accumulate in this area where the bottom blow off pipe is located

• lugs and rollers
• overhead suspension

Dry-back and wet-back

An HRT is externally fired, a Scotch Marine is internally fired

• Low cost
• Turnkey operation
• Limited space requirements
• No setting
• Automatic operation

• Straight tube
• Bent tube
• Number of drums (miltiple, single, or none)

High capacity and almost unlimited pressure capability

• Heine
• Stirling
• Controlled circulation
• Forced circulation
• Natural circulation

At least one

• At least one,
• Boilers with more than 500 ft² of heating surface require 2 or more safety valves

• A handhole allows limited access, not a person
• A manhole allows a person to enter into a boiler or pressure vessel

• Electric
• Miniature
• Hot water

Heat recovery steam generator

• A longitudinal joint runs the entire length of the shell/drum.
• A circumferential joint (girth seam) is used to attach heads to form a closed cylinder.

To reduce the turbulence of the water in the boiler so an accurate level can be seen in the gauge glass

• A gate valve is an isolation valve used either fully open or closed
• Not used for throttling applications

A globe valve is an isolation valve used for throttling applications

Used to isolate the boiler from other boilers on a header for cleaning or repair

• Used to allow steam flow out of the boiler only
• flow in the opposite direction will close the valve and isolate the boiler

• Check water level and do walk around.
• Ignite fire in boiler, while boiler is warming open the bypass valve around the outside steam
• stop valve and with the free blow drain open warm the steam line from the header to the boiler.
• When the pressure is equal, open the outside steam stop valve and close the bypass.
• When boiler pressure is about 80% of working pressure open the stem on the non-return valve.
• When boiler pressure exceeds header pressure the non-return valve will open and the boiler will
• come on line. Close free blow drain.

Two or more blow down valves are required when the boiler is operating at 100 psi and above.

• A slow opening valve requires more than 5 full turns to be fully open
• A quick opening valve reuires less than 5 full turns to be fully open

• Find true water level, 1/2 glass or better
• Open cooling water to blow down tank
• Open quick opening valve (inside valve)
• Open slow opening valve (outside valve) fully and close
• Close quick opening valve
• Check water level and close cooling water valve

• When pressure is applied into the curved hollow tube it tends to straighten
• The sealed end of the tube is connected to linkage and gears which turn a calibrated dial
• which indicates pressure

• A siphon is a device which prevents live steam from entering the bourdon tube
• A snubber is a device that reduces pressure fluctuations on the pressure gauge by gradually allowing pressure to enter the bourdon tube

To reduce the turbulence of the water in the boiler so that an accurate level can be seen in the gauge glass

• By opening the drain valve fully, then closing it.
• Remember to disable the low water cut-out.

• By operating the top and bottom valves independently.
• Check for flow by opening drain.

By blowing down the water column or by performing a slow drain test on the boiler.

A shell and tube heat exchanger which does not allow steam and water to come in direct contact.

• A special purpose valve that allows flow in only one direction.
• Can't be locked opened or closed.

On the feed water line between the feed pump and the boiler.

A device used on water tube boilers to separate moisture from the steam leaving the drum.

In the steam and water drum of a water tube boiler.

A flash tank or a blow down tank recovers heat from the blow down before discharging to the sewer.

For incompetence or untrustworthiness.

• Dry top (exposed tube)
• Wet top ( submerged tube)

• An economizer is heat recovery equipment
• Designed to add heat to the incoming feed water by reducing flue gas temp.

• An air pre-heater is heat recovery equipment.
• Designed to add heat to the incoming combustion air by reducing flue gas temp.

• A bag is a deformation or bulge in the shell plate
• Usually found on the bottom where sludge or sediment built up and caused over heating.

• Feed waters enters the boiler at the rear drum
• Flows thru the down comers to the mud drum
• From the mud drum water travels upward thru the risers to the front drum
• From the front drum the path is to the center drum and back to the mud drum

• Find the true water level by blowing down the water column and gauge glass
• If the water level is low, secure the boiler (shutdown the fuel) and continue to feed water to the boiler
• Investigate the cause

• Removes oxygen and non-condensible gased from the water
• Heats the water and acts as storage capacity
• Convenient location to add chemicals

• Two main steam stop valves are required on every boiler if more than one boiler is
• connected to a common header and the boiler has a manhole.

• By blowing down water column and gauge glass
• Close drains and check level with tri-cocks

• 3206.2 psia
• 705.4 F

A superheater further increases the temperature of the steam after it has been removed from contact with the water.

A dry pipe is installed in the top of the drum to separate the moisture from the steam before the steam reaches the steam outlet.