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Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- Superior Attachment: Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
- Inferior Attachment: Anterior surface of manubrium and superior surface of medial 1/3 or clavicle
- Innervation: Spinal root of cranial nerve CN XI and C2-C3
- Main Actions: contralaterally tilts head to one side, bilaterally flexes neck.
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Anterior Scalene Muscle
- Superior Attachment: Anterior tubercles of TPs of C3-C6
- Inferior Attachment: First rib
- Innervation: C5-C7
- Main Actions: Flexes neck laterally, elevates first rib
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Middle Scalene Muscle
- Superior Attachment: Posterior tubercles of TPs of C2-C7
- Inferior Attachment: First rib
- Innervation: C3-C8
- Main Actions: Flexes neck laterally, elevates first rib
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Posterior Scalene Muscle
- Superior Attachment: Postserior tubercles of TPs of C4-C6
- Inferior Attachment: Second rib
- Innervation: C6-C8
- Main Actions: Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib
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Rectus Abdominis
- Proximal Attachment: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest
- Distal Attachment: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
- Innervation: Ventral rami of inferior six thoracic nerves
- Main Actions: Compresses abdominal viscera and flexes trunk
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External Oblique
- Proximal Attachment: External surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs
- Distal Attachment: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest
- Innervation: Inferior six thoracic nerves and subcostal nerve
- Main Actions: Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk
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Internal Abdominal Oblique
- Proximal Attachment: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and lateral half of inguinal ligament
- Distal Attachment: Inferior borders of 10th to 12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon
- Innervation: Ventral rami of inferior six thoracic nerves and first lumber nerve
- Main Actions: Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk
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Transverse Abdominis
- Proximal Attachment: Interal surfaces of 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lateral third of inguinal ligament
- Distal Attachment: Linea alba with aponeurosis of interal oblique, pubic crest, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
- Innervation: Ventral rami of inferior six thoracic nerves and first lumbar nerve
- Main Actions: compresses and supports abdominal viscera
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