ABA: Principles of Behavior: Behavior Reduction

Variables in the environment that can alter the relative value of a particular reinforcer at a particular time.

• o At that moment = there are a set of bxs that are
• more likely to occur b/c those bxs have produced reinforcer in the past

*MO's are = fleeting

*Can be used to inc bx (i.e., by the use of potent reinforcers)

• = D.I.S.C.
• 1) Deprivation
• 2) Immediacy
• 3) Size
• 4) Contingency

• when a person hasn’t had access to a particular reinforcer for a significant period
• of time.
• This can increase the value of a reinforcer.

the more immediate the delivary of reinforcer = the more effective it is

reinforcer = is only delivered for target bx = reinforcer will be more effective

• need to give enough of the reinforcer so that is
• valuable to the individual

o too little = may not increase the likelihood of the bx

o too much = may satiate person

• is used to learn/teach new behaviors
• *bx is reinforced all of the time

• maintains a behvaior
• *behavior is reinforced some of the time
• *generates a high repsonse rate = prevents the bx fromstopping

specifies how often a particular bx is followed by a reinforcer

1) Continuous Schedule

2) Intermittent Schedule

1) Ratio Schedules

2) Interval Schedules

are based on = the number of responses

1) Fixed Ratio Schedules

2) Variable Ratio Schedules

• schedule of reinforcement after a fixed number of responses
• (ex) FR3)
• *usually produce a pause after reinforcement

• an average number of responses must be made
• before the reinforcer = is delivered = varies

• *Produce high rates of responding without a pause
• *most resistant to extinction
• = individual is less likely to give up b/c they don't know when rfmt will occurr (ex) gambling)

are based on = passage of time

1) Fixed Interval

2) Variable Interval

• person only get reinforcer once the response is given after the fixed amount of time
• *doesn’t matter how many times the bx occurs

• reinforcer is delivered for the first response
• that occurs after a variable amount of time

• o The person being reinforced doesn’t know when
• they will be reinforced

• o Number of responses = doesn’t not influence the
• variability of reinforcement

when the response = no longer produces reinforcement

• *Can be used to decrease a behavior
• *taking rfmt away too abrutly may cause bx to stop

• what happens when a behavior = is no longer reinforced and the bx = briefly increase in =
• 1) frequency
• 2) intensity
• 3) duration
• before it decreases

*= bring about variability in responding (=may engage in old or different bxs that they have done in the past)

*sometimes occurs with extinction procedures

• even though bx has not been reinforced it may occur again with the same freqency and intensity it once did
• *if extinction continues to remain in place when this occurs the bx will = go away again

an event that = occurs after a bx and decreases that bx

removing a stimulus (aversive event) after the bx and decreases that bx

• type of negative punishment
• = the withdrawl or the opportunity to earn positivereinforcement or loss of access to positive reinforcement for a specific periodof time

• *Effective only when =
• 1) time in is valuable to indi
• 2)And rfmt is not given during timeout

type of negative reinforcement

• *bx cost them something
• * = removal of pleasant stimuli or privileges after a bx

1) Time out from positive reinforcement

2) Response cost

when an event is added and then a bx decreases

• *may evoke emotional reactions (escape/avoidance/ anxiety/ agression)
• *the punished person may imitate the punishment procedures on others