Science 7th Final 1

carbohydrate

respiration

• Cytoplasm divides
• half of the organelles are distributed into the new cells

nucleic acids

fermentation

Chloroplast

Substance that can't be broken down further

Diffusion

Osmosis

requires cell to use own energy

cell does not use energy

• cell grows
• makes a copy of DNA
• prepares to divide into 2 cells

one copy of DNA is distributed into each of the 2 daughter cells

• Interphase
• Mitosis -prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• Cytokinesis

• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

chromatin in nucleus condenses to form chromosomes. Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides. Spindle fibers for a bridge between the ends of the cell. Nuclear envelope breaks down.

• chromosomes line up across center of cell
• each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere

• centromeres split and the 2 chromatids separate
• One chromatid is drawn by its spindle fiber to one end of the cell.
• The other moves to the opposite end
• Cell stretches out as the opposite ends are pushed apart

• chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance.
• New nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes

interphase

Thymine

cytosine

making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence.

creating a representation of complex object or process

Numbers or amounts

Descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers

statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or how to define a particular term.

a protein that speeds up chemical reactions

energy rich organic compound made of elements carbon, oxygen & hydrogen. Starches and sugars

Fats, oils and waxes. Cells store energy in lipids for later use

• made up of amino acids
• form cell membranes and make up organelles

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid

only one variable is manipulated

one variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis

• possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a specific question
• Must be testable

statement that describes how to measure a variable or define a term

Transport proteins in the cell membrane pick up molecules outside the cell and carry them in, using energy

• how people change the world around them
• improves the way people live

• cellular organization
• similar chemicals
• use energy
• respond to surroundings
• grow and develop
• reproduce

basic unit of structure and function in an organism

• water
• food
• living space
• homeostasis

• posing questions
• developing a hypothesis
• designing an experiment
• collecting & interpreting data
• drawing conclusions
• communicating

provides energy for cells without using oxygen

• yeast and other single cell organisms break down sugars
• Makes bread dough

• when you exercise it occurs in your body
• muscle cells use up oxygen faster than it can be replaced
• lactic acid builds up and you feel pain

• osmosis
• chemical reactions
• growth

• Deoxyribose - molecules of a sugar
• Phosphates

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ ----> 6 CO₂ + 6 H2O + energy
• sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water

• light energy
• 6 CO₂ + 6 H2O -------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
• carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen