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EEG
electroencephalogram - A measure of the gross electrical activity of the brain, commonly recorded through the scalp eletrodes
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How many stages of sleep
4
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Stage 1
-low voltage high frequency signal that is similar to but slower than active wakefulness
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Stage 2
- - EEG has a slighty higher amplitude and low frequency than stage 1
- - it is punctuated by two waves: k complex and sleep spindles
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Stage 3
- EEG has occasional presence of delta waves
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Stage 4
- - EEg is defined by a predominance of delta waves
- - subject stay at stage 4 for a long time and then go back through 1-4 again
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emergent stage 1 EEG
- - the stage 1 after going through 1-4 initially
- - not same as initial stage 1
- - has REM and loss of tone in the muscles of the body core
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Alpha waves
waxing and waning burts of 8-12 Hz EEG waves
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Delta waves
The largest and slowest EEG wave 1-2 Hz
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REM Sleep
stage of sleep that has rapit eye movement, loss of core muscle tone, and emergent stage 1 EEG
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slow wave sleep (SWS)
- stage 3-4 are often referred as this
- has the largest and slowest EEG waves
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Dream theories: what are two of them?
Recuperation theories and circadian theories
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recuperation theories
- -theories based on the premise that being awake disturbs the body's homeostasis(internal physical ability) and the function of sleep is to restore it
- - ex. sleeping restores body's energy
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circadian theories
-that sleep is not a reaction to the disruptive effects of being awake but the result of an internal timing mechanism- we are programmed to sleep at night regardless of what happens to us during the day.
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free running rhythms
circadian rhythms that do not depend on environmental cues to keep them on a regular schedule
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SCN
Suprachiasmatic nuclei- nuclei of the medial hypothalamus that control the circadian cycles of various body functions
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Insomnia
all disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep
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hypersomnia
disorders of excessive sleep or sleepiness
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sleep amnea
cause of insomnia, patient stops breathing many times each night and awakens, begins breathing and drifts back to sleep.
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nocturnal myoclonus
a periodic twitching of the body, usually legs, during sleep
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restless legs
tension or uneasiness in their legs that keep from poeple from falling asleep
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narcolepsy
disorder in hypersomnia category that is characterized by repeated, brief daytime sleep attacks and cataplexy
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cataplexy
recurring losses of muscle tone during wakefulness ofthen triggered by an emotional experience
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sleep paralysis
the inability to move when falling asleep or waking up
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hypnagogic hallucinations
dreamlike experiences during wakefulness
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