History Final 1 7th

First Rome united Italy under it. Then after defeating Carthage, Rome gained the Western Med. Strong in war the Romans moved to the east conquering Greece and controlling Egypt.

Destroyed roman cities in Britian but romans crushed it and maintained power.

• His legions conquered Britian
• He ruled in the first century
• He was followed/succeeded by Nero

they made their legions loyal to them personally thus starting a trend that Roman politics are controlled by generals fighting eachother

Defeated rival Marc Anthony at Actium and then in Egypt

It is Greek for Messiah

People of Rome no longer chose their leaders

Come from Christian gospels

The Ten Commandments

Preached that christianity was not just for Jews but for all people.

Proclaimed the doctrine of the trinity

• called Latin
• Letters are like english
• forms basis of modern day FRENCH

• used concrete
• used many arches
• built roads, sewers, aqueducts

• culturall
• political
• economic

NOT geographic

• Augustus
• Nero
• Caligula
• NOT Virgil

• Consul
• Censor
• Tribune

• carthage was forced to pay indemnity as part of peace treaty
• Romans learned how to build war ships and created a navy
• It began with conflict over Sicily

• Jerome
• Theodosius
• Constantine

• Conquered Gaul
• Ruled Rome alongside Pompey and Crassius until Civil War broke out
• Stabbed to death by senators who thought he was becoming like a king

DID NOT conquer Persian Empire of Hannibal

Desire to bring honor to family by getting high positions in Roman gov and making rome stronger

• king of norway was unprepared for battle and lost to king of england
• king of england won but soon had to move army south
• Harold Godwinson reaced his army to the north catching the Viking army off guard

NOT King of england caught the Vikings when their ships were landing on the beach

• The hard fought battle turned when Harold Godwinson was struck in the eye with an arrow
• Duke of Normandy invaded England facing a large Saxon army
• William may have used fake retreats to pull Harold's men away from defensive positions

• NOT Saxon and Welsh longbows destroyed Norman Knights
• NOT Saxons defended a bridge keeping Normans out

• Destroy much of Saxon nobility
• Bring feudalism to England
• Bring french words into English language

NOT Bring first christian missionaries to england

• Feudalism came to england
• French became the language of nobility in england
• King created a survey of land and property called Domesday Book

NOT king created a system of shires to administer England.

• Trial by ordeal
• Compurgation or oath taking
• Trial by battle

NOT trial by jury

• expanded kingdom into larger empire
• favored education and libraries
• wanted a renewal of roman empire

• NOT defeated muslims at battle of tours
• NOT conquered England

bishops were important vassals who provided military and financial support

Merovingians

The knight had land and servants

The Crusaders conquered several cities including Jerusalem

• Salah al din's capture of Jerusalem inspired the Crusade
• It included kings of france and england
• Emperor of germany died on the way to the Crusade

NOT Included Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitane

Allowed former Vikings to live in Northern England under their own laws

• Mother of 2 kings of england - Richard I and John I
• Married Louis VII
• Married Henry II

NOT the daughter of Emperor Henry V or Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou

• Some of the crusaders destroyed jewish neighborhoods in Germany
• Most of the crusaders were killed or captured by Turks
• It included Walter the penniless and Peter the Hermit

NOT destroyed Constantinople

• Christians wanted to capture Jerusalem
• Byzantine empire needed help fighting the Seljuk Turks
• The pope hoped to repair the church that had split 50 years before

NOT Muslim arabs had recently captured Jerusalem for the first time.

Nobles rose up against him because of taxes

Found the holy lance or holy spear which inspired the crusaders to defeat a superior muslim army

• large stained glass windows
• Flying buttresses
• Spires

NOT large domes and Doric columns (those are Roman)

saxon methods of diving land

• Medieval Church
• Romance
• The growth of universities and knowledge
• NOT the growth in power of kings

He had a claim to the throne through his mother and convinced the sitting king to make him his heir

• He opposed Henry II on many matters
• He was killed by Henry II's knights
• He had been a friend of Henry II

NOT caught in a scandal with Heloise

Wrote Summa Theologica that resolves many issues between faith and reason

• NOT Went on first crusade
• NOT Got into conflict with Henry II

• Married eleanor of aquitane
• Created system of circuit judges and juries for england
• was Duke of Normandy

NOT went on first crusade

• Crusaders captured a powerful christian city and took treasures
• Pope Innocent III excommunicated the crusaders for attacking a christian city
• Crusaders conquered Constantinople
• NOT crusaders captured jerusalem

monastery

• ordered bishops to create libraries
• founded schools for young nobles
• gathered scholars to produce new standard bible

• Harald Hardrada
• Harold Godwinson
• William of Normandy