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what is self aid?
emergency treatment one applies to oneself
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name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment
- bayonet
- rifle
- entrenching tool
- tent poles and stakes
- web belt
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how many pressure points, which can be used to control bleedings with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on a human body?
11
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what are the objectives of first aid?
- to stop bleeding
- overcome shock
- relieve pain
- prevent infection
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what FM covers first aid for soldiers
FM 4-25.11
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what is first aid?
it is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personel is available
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when would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
if in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
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what soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
- soldier not accostumed to heat
- overweight soldiers
- prior heat casualties
- soldiers already dehydrated
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how high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
2 to 4 inches
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what the ABC'S of medical treatment?
- open the airway and restore breathing
- stop the bleeding
- prevent shock
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when applying splint, where should the bandages bee tied?
the bandages should be tied with knots against the splint
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whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
use the casualties field dressing
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how should the ends of an improvise pressure dressing be tied
to the ends together in a nonslip knot directly over the wound site
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what is manual pressure?
if the bleeding continues after applying the sterile field dressing, direct manual pressure may be used to help control bleeding
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why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
to protect the wound from further contamination of germs and also control bleeding
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what should you do to indicate that a casualty has receive a tourniquet?
mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet
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should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?
No, only a qualified medical personel can do that
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where is a tourniquet applied?
place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart)
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name 3 categoris of heat cramps
- heat cramps
- heat exhaustion
- heat stroke
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what are the signs and sympton of heat cramps?
- cramping of the extremeties
- abdominal cramps
- excessive sweating
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what is the treatment of heat cramps?
- move the casualty to a cool shady area
- loosing his clothing (if not in a chemical area)
- have him drink slowly at least a canteen of water
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what are the signs of heat exhaustion?
- headache
- dizziness
- sweating
- loss of appetite
- rapid breathing
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if a casualty is suspected of having a spinal injury, which method is best of opening his airway?
the jaw thrust method
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what are two types of fractures?
simple and compound fractures
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what are the signs of open fractures
- bleeding
- bones are sticking throught the skin
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what are the symptons of closed fractures?
- swelling
- discoloration
- deformity
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with an open fracture what should you do?
stop the bleeding
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what is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
splint them where they lie
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how tight should the torniquet be?
tight enough to stop the bright red bleeding
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what the 3 types of bleeding?
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what is heat injury
a loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personel work in the heat a general dehydration of the body
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what is the greatest preventive measure of diseases?
cleanliness
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how do you stop bleeding?
- apply a field dressing
- manual pressure
- elevate a field dressing
- apply a tourniquet
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what is CPR?
cardiopulmonary resucitation, it is used to resore heart beat
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when can measures taken to resore breathing in an individual be discontinued?
- when a doctor tells you to stop
- when others relieve you
- when you cannot physically continue
- when the casualty starts to breath on his own
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name 2 types of rescue breathing?
- mouth to mouth
- mouth to nose
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how long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
5 to 10 minutes
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what should you do prior to leaving an unconsious casualty?
turn their heads to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
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when should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
as a last resort when everything has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
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what are the 2 prescribed method of opening an airway?
- jaw thrust method
- head tilt/chin lif method
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in referrence to carrying a casualty, what are the one man methods?
- fireman carry
- armys carry
- saddle back carry
- supporting carry
- arms carry
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