biovocab9.txt

the science of heredity and the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

a genetically determined variant of a characteristic

transfer of pollen from anther to pistil

transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant

reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant

describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for some trait and always produce offspring with the same genotype for that trait

parental generation; the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross

the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; offspring of the P1 generation

the second generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of to organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation

describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes

describes a trait or allele that is expressed only when 2 recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited

Mendel's law that states the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete

law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis

the study of the structure of nucleic acids and the function and regulation of genes

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color

the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

an organisms appearance or other detectible characteristics that result from the organisms genotype and environment

describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes

describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait

likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event

a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits

a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross

the ratio of genotypes that appears in offspring

the ratio of the phenotypes produced by a cross

crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype

a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another

a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individuals 2 parents because the dominant allele isn't able to express itself fully

a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene