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Galea aponeurotica
Tough layer of dense fibrous tissue, directly beneath the scalp, on the superior aspect of the cranium
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SCALP layers of the skin:
- S: Skin
- C: Connective tissue - A thin layer of fat and fibrous tissue lies beneath the skin.
- A: Aponeurotica (Galea aponeurotica)
- L: Layer of subaponeurotica (areolar) tissue - contains emissary veins transferring blood from dural sinuses to venous vessels of the scalp.
- P: Periosteum of the skull (the pericranium)
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Skull bone - Frontal
Forehead
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Skull bone - Sphenoid
Between Zygomatic and Temporal
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Skull bone - Ethmoid
Behind eye
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Skull bone - Lacrimal
Side of nose by tear duct
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Skull bone - Maxilla
Upper jaw
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Skull bone - Mandible
lower jaw
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Skull bone - Zygomatic
cheek bone
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Skull bone - Parietal
top of head
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Skull bone - Temporal
ear
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Skull bone - Occipital
back of head
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Frontal lobe does?
Personality
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Parietal lobes does?
- Motor & sensory control
- Emotions
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Occipital lobe does?
Sight
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Temporal lobes does?
- Long term memory
- 4 senses: Hearing, Speech, Taste, Smell.
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Falx cerebri
A dural partition between hemispheres
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Tentorium cerebelli
Extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.
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Central sulcus
Separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
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Brainstem, 3 parts?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
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Cerebellum location and does?
- Hindbrain
- Fine motor control
- Balance
- Muscle tone
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Midbrain location and does?
- Hindbrain>Brainstem
- Upper portion of the brainstem that connects the pons and cerebellum with the central hemispheres.
- Controls eye movement
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Pons location and does?
- Hindbrain>Brainstem
- Communication interchange between CNS components; cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain and spinal cord
- Responsible for sleep components of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)
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Medulla oblongata location and does?
- Hindbrain>Brainstem
- Contains the Cardiac centre, Respiratory centre, Vasomotor centers.
- Deals with autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
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Diencephalon - 3 parts
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Limbic system
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Thalamus location and does?
- Diencephalon
- Switching center between pons and cerebrum
- Controls the Reticular Activating System (RAS): Establishes consciousness & Sleep-wake cycle
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Hypothalamus location and does?
- Diencephalon
- Endocrine function
- Hunger, Thirst, Vomiting, Kidney function
- Body temp regulation
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Limbic system location and does?
- Diencephalon
- a set of brain structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, and some other weird shit
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External carotid arteries
supply the face and scalp with blood.
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Internal carotid arteries
supply blood to the anterior 3/5 of cerebrum
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Vertebral arteries
- Pass through the vertebrae, and supply the posterior 2/5 of the cerebrum, part of the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
- They join in the base of the skull to form one vessel, the Basilar artery
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Carotid sinus
Where common carotid divides into the internal and external carotid arteries
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Circle of Willis
The internal carotid and basilar arteries join at the base of the brain, forming a circle of communicating arteries, so if any one vessel is blocked, blood supply will be uninterrupted.
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Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)
- Pressure moving blood through the cranium
- CPP = MAP - ICP
- Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
- What this means is that, if there is any increase in ICP (be it edema, or space being taken up by a tumor) then the bodies response to maintain CPP is to increase BP.
- ↑ BP will ↑ MAP to compensate for ↑ ICP, thus maintaining CPP
- But, ↑ BP will ↑ ICP. This leads to a feedback loop which'll end in death
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