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molecules are
two or more atoms attached together
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Chemistry is the science that
is the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules
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when similar observations are consistently made, it can lead to a
Scientific Law
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Indefinite
takes the shape of the container
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Fixed
keeps shape when placed in a container
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crystalline solids
solids have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern
salt and diamonds
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amorphous solids
some solids have their particles randomly distributed without any long-range pattern.
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Distillation physical proterty
boiling point
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filtration physical property
state of matter (solid liquid gas)
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Chromatography physical property
chromatography
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energy definition
capacity to do work
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Celsius to Fahrenheit
1.8 C= F-32
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inch to cm
1 inch = 2.54 cm
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kg to lbs
1 kg = 2.205 lbs
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extensive properties
- the value depends on the quantity of
- matter
extensive properties cannot be used to identify what type of matter something is
mass and volume
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intensive property
- value independent of the quantity of
- matter
mass:volume
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accuracy is
an indication of how close a measurement comes to the actual value of the quantity
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precision
is an indication of how reproducible a measurement is
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imprecision in measurements is caused by
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inaccuracy in measurement caused
by systematic errors
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systematic errors do not average out with repeated measurements because they consistently
cause the measurement to be
either too high or too low
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Remember micro, nano, pico powers
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1 dm3 = cm3 = mL
1000 cm3 = 1000 mL
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A chemical formula is comprised of
of element symbols and numerical subscripts. Shows type andnumber of each atom present. (Molecular-Covalent Bonding)
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A molecular formula =
- (subset of chemical formula) shows the actual
- number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.
- The molecular formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2.
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An empirical formula
- indicates relative number of atoms of each element in the compound. It is the simplest type of formula with WHOLE NUMBERS.
- The empirical formula for hydrogen peroxide is HO.
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•A structural formula shows
- the number of atoms and the bonds between them, that is, therelative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule.
- The structural formula for hydrogen peroxide is H-O-O-H.
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4567
tetra, penta, hexa, hepta
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