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What are the effects of histamine, prostaglandins, and bradykinin?
Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
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What sign of inflammation does increased capillary permeability produce?
Edema in response to inflammation
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What is the action of helper (CD4) cells?
Stimulates production of cytotoxic T-cells and plasma cells (immunoglobulins)
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Which 2 chemical mediators cause pain?
Prostaglandins and bradykinin
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What are monocytes?
High levels of leukocytes are present in chronic inflammation
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What is immunoglobulin G?
Immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta and initiates the complement system
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What are the effects of the complement cascade?
Opsonization, cell lysis, and chemotaxis
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What are adhesions?
Fibrotic bands that hold together two structures that are normally separate
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What is a secondary immune response?
Rapid proliferation of antibody production with largest increased in IgG
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What initiates the complement cascade?
Immunoglobulins G and M
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What is dehiscence?
Disruption of an incision with separation of the wound layers
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What is passive immunity?
Immunity from a gamma globulin or from maternal source
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What is the purpose of chemotaxis?
Chemical gradient that draws leukocytes to the site of inflammation
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What are risk factors for infection?
Skin lesions, reduced ciliary function, alkaline gastric pH, and stress
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Why are the young and old at higher risk for disease?
Lower immunity, skin issues, nutrition, hydration
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What is the action of interferons?
They act to prevent replication of viruses
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What are the actions of exotoxins?
Secreted from pathogens, they damage cell membranes and inhibit protein synthesis
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This pathogen does not trigger the immune system initially.
Viruses
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What are actions of interleukin-10 and tumor growth factor?
Cytokines that control or limit the inflammatory process
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What are tapeworms?
Parasite transmitted via raw or undercooked meat or fish
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What are criteria for a diagnosis of AIDS?
T-cell count < 200 and wasting syndrome and dementia
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