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Hasty Generalization
Drawing conclusions from insufficient evidence
Faulty Use of Authority
failing to acknowledge disagreement among experts
Post Hoc (doubtful cause)
mistakenly inferring that because one event follows another they have a causal relation
False Analogy
assuming without sufficient proof that if objects or processes are similar in some ways, then they are similar in other was as well
Ad Hominem
"Against the man" attacking the arguer rather than the argument or issue
False Dilemma
simplifying a complex problem into either/or dichotomy
Slippery Slope
Predicting withoutjustification that one step in a process will lead unavoidably to a second, generally undesirable step
Begging the Question
making a statement that assumes that the issue being argued has already been decided
Straw Man
disputing a view similar to, but not the same as, that of the arguer's opponent
Two wrongs make a Right
Diverting attention from the issue by introducing a new point
Non Sequitur
"it does not follow" using irrelevant proof to buttress a claim (build it up)
Ad Populum
"to the people"; playing on the prejudices of the audience
Appeal to Tradition
A proposal that something should continue because it has traditionally existed or been done that way
Faulty Emotional Appeals
Basing an arguement on feelings especiallyl pity or fear- often to draw attention away from real issues or conceal another purpose
Fallacy
errror of reasoning based on faulty use of evidence or incorrect inference
Induction
Reasoning by which a general statement is reached ont hte basis of particular examples (general to specific)
Deduction
reasoning by which we establish that a conclusion must be true because the statements on which it is based are true (general to specific)
Inductive leap
reasoning from what you have learned about a few examples to what you think is true of a whole class of things
Uniformity of nature
we assume certain conclusions drawn about a subjct will hold true for similiar subjects under similar conditions
Premises
series of statements
Syllogism
classic form of deductive reasoning by Aristotle contaning major/minor premisies and conclusion
major premise
generalization about a large group/class
Minor Premise
statement about a member of a group/class
Conclusion
links two propositions (major/minor premise) together
Guilt by association
fact that two things sharean attribute doesn't mean that they are the same thing
Toulmin Model
conceptual system of argument devised by the philosopher Stephen Toulmin; claim support and warrant plus backing qualifier and reservation
Claim is like
conclusion
Support is like
minor premise
Warrant is like
Major premise
Author
Natalie
ID
127294
Card Set
THEMES
Description
induction, deduction, common fallacies
Updated
2012-01-12T02:09:10Z
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