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the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions
reliabilty
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the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
validity
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ranking of test scores that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score
percentile system
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standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large, well defined groups of people
norms
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the ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior, and to adapt to new situations
intelligence
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proposes that a person's intelligence is composed of a general ability level and specific mental abilities.
two- factor theory
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proposes that a person's intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical thinking skills
triarchic theory
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interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities needed to understand an use knowledge of emotions effectively
emotional intelligence
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standardized measure of intelligence based on a scale in which 100 is average
IQ
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the degree to which a characteristic is related to inherited genetic factors
heritability
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an aspect of an intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group
cultural bias
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estimates the probability that a person will be successful in leaning a specific new skill
aptitude test
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measures how much a person has learned in a given subject or area
achievement test
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measures a persons preferences and attitudes in a wide variety of activities to identify areas of likely success
interest inventory
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assesses an individuals characteristics and indentifies problems
personality test
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a limited or forced choice test in which a person must select onbe of several answers
objective test
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an unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely; giving his or her interpretation of varioys ambiguous stimuli
projective test
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the consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person
personality
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the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences concious processes and behaviors
unconsious
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the part of the unconcious personality that contains our needs, drives, and instincts, and repressed materials
Id
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the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways
ego
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the part of the personality that is the source of the conscience and counteracts the socially desirable impulses of the id
superego
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certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
defense mechanisms
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making up acceptable excuses for behaviors that cause us to feel anxious. Ex. You did bad on a test, so you say that the test questions were bad, rather than accepting that you did not study for the test
rationalization
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where the person pushes unacceptable thoughts and memories out of awareness without even realizing it
repression
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where you refuse to accept the reality of somethinbg that makes you anxious
denial
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where inner feelings are thrown outside the self and assigned to others
projection
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invloves replacing unacceptable feeling or urge with an opposite one.
reaction formation
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going back to an earlier and less mature pattern of behavior
regression
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occurs when you cannot take out your anger on the source of frustrations, so you take it out on a less powerful person
displacement
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refers to redirecting a forbidden desire into a socially acceptable desire
sublimation
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the part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urgesm and memories common to all people
collective unconcious
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an inherited idea, based on the experiences of ones ancestorswhich shapes ones perception of the world
archetype
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a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source.
inferiority complex
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belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else
behaviorism
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the occurence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors
contigencies of reinforcement
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a school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of maximum potential by which unique individual
humanistic psychology
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the humanist term for realizing ones unique potential
self actualization
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ones experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others
self
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viewing oneself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received from interaction with others
positive regard
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the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively
conditions of worth
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the perception that individuals significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same favorable opinion or view
unconditional positive regard
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an individual whose person and self coincide
fully functioning
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tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable overtime
trait
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a characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with it
cardinal rule
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a complex statistical technique used to identify the underlying resons variables are correlated
factor analysis
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a stable characteristic that can be observed in a certain situation
surface trait
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a stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality
source trait
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