Chapter 2

one who

practitioner

one who studies; specialist

pertaining to

pertaining to the study of

medical profession or treament

study or science of

heart

cardiology

cardiologist

to secrete

endocrinolgy

endocrinologist

skin

dermatology

dermatologist

feeling or sensation

anesthesiology

anesthesiologist

stomach, intestines*

*enter/o sometimes refers specifically to the small intestine.

gastroenterology

gastroenterologist

elderly

geriatrics

geriatrician

female

gynecology

gynecologist

immune

immunology

immunologist

new, birth

neonatology

neonatologist

nerve

neurology

neurologist

midwife

obstetrics

obstetrician

tumor

oncology

oncologist

eye

ophthalmology

ophthalmologist

• orth/o, straight
• ped/o, child

*ped/o sometimes means foot

orthopedics

orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon

ear, larynx

otolaryngology

otolaryngologist

disease

pathology

pathologist

child

*ped/o sometimes means foot.

pediatrics

pediatrician

mind

psychiatry

psychiatrist

radiation (or radius)

radiology

radiologist

rheumatism

rheumatology

rheumatologist

nose

rhinology

rhinologist

urinary tract (or urine)

urology

urologist

surgical puncture to aspirate or remove fluid

*Amniocentesis is puncture of the amnion for removing fluid for study or adminstering treatment to the fetus.

excision (surgical removal or cutting out)

*Appendectomy is excision of the appendix.

process of loosening, freeing, or destroying

This suffix is also used in nonsurgical words to mean destruction or dissolving, as in hemolysis.

surgical fixation (fastening in a fixed position)

Mastopexy is plastic surgery that fastens breasts in a fixed position to correct sagging.

surgical repair

*Plastic is derived from the same word root as _plasty. Plastic surgery repairs, restores, and reconstructs body structures. Mammoplasty is plastic surgery of the breast and is done for a variety of reasons.

suture (uniting a wound by stitches)

This suffix is not generally used in everyday language, but angiorrhaphy means suture of a blood vessel.

visual examination with lighted instrument (not always a surgical procedure)

*Microscopy is visual examination of very small objects with a magnifying instrument (microscope). The suffix -scope means the instrument. Micro- means small.

formation of an opening

*A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that forms a new opening into the trachea (windpipe).

an instrument used for cutting

*A microtome is an instrument used for cutting thin sections of tissue for microscopic study.

incision (cutting into tissue)

*A tracheotomy is an incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles in the neck that overlie the trachea (windpipe).

surgical crushing

*Lithotripsy is a surgical crushing of a calculus (stone).

gland

*Adenoids were so named because they resembled or were thought to be glands.

vessel

*An angiogram is an x-ray film of blood vessels filled with a contrast medium.

appendix

*An appendectomy is excision of the appendix.

life or living

*Biology is the science of life and living things.

eyelid

*Blepharoptosis is the drooping of the upper eyelid.

brain

*Cerebral palsy is paralysis caused by a brain defect. Encephalistis is the inflammation of the brain.

*Cerebr/o sometimes means cerebrum, the main portion of the brain.

hand

*Writer's cramp is a type of chirospasm.

colon or large intestine

*Coloscopy is visual examination of the colon, but the term colonoscopy is more commonly used.

skin

*Cutaneous means pertaining to the skin. a dermatologist is a specialist who treats diseases of the skin. Dermabrasion removes small scars, tattoos, or fine wrinkles from the skin.

face

*Facial pertains to the face.

liver

*Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver.

breast

*Mammography is the use of x-rays to diagnose breast disease. mastectomy is surgical removal of the breast.

muscle

*A person with well-developed muscles is muscular.

*Myalgia is muscle pain.

bone marrow or spinal cord

*Myelopathy has two meanings; any disease of the spinal cord or any disease of the bone marrow.

bone

*Osteoarthritis is a common type of arthritis of older persons, in which one or more joints undergo degenerative changes, but names to include both bones and joints.

lungs

• *Pulmonary means pertaining to the lungs.
• Pneumonia is a lung condition.
• Pneumatic means pertaining to air or gas.

tonsil

*Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils.

trachea (windpipe)

*A tracheostomy is an operation that forms a new opening into the trachea.

vessel; ductus deferens (also called vas deferens, excretory duct of the testicle).

*Vasectomy is the removal of all or a segment fo the vas deferens and is a form of male contraception.

pain

hernia (protrusion of all or part of an organ through wall of cavity that contains it).

dilation (dilation, enlargement or stretching of a structure or part).

swelling

vomiting

condition of the blood

condition

inflammation

stone or calculus

soft, softening

excessive preoccupation

enlargement

resembling

tumor

condition (often an abnormal condition; sometimes an increase)

disease

deficiency

abnormal fear

prolapse (sagging)

excessive bleeding or hemorrhage

flow or discharge

rupture

twitching, cramp

stopping, controlling

capable of, able to

*(adjective) Preventable means "capable of bieng prevented." Illegible describes writing that is not capable of being read.

pertaining to

*(adjective) Cardia, thermal, median, alveolar, salivery, peritoneal, lymphatic, invasive, and nephrotic mean pertaining to the heart, heat, middle, alveoli, saliva, peritoneum, lymphatic system, invasion, and kidney, respectively.

enzyme

*(noun) Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose.

membrane

*(noun) The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity. The membrane that lines the heart is endocardium.

condition or theory

*(noun) Synergism is a condition in which two agents, such as medications, produce a greater effect than the total effects of each agent alone.

one who suffers

*(noune) A hemophiliac is one who suffers from (is afflicted by) hemophilia.

vision

*(noun) Diplopia is double vision.

sugar

*(noun) Lactose is a sugar found in milk.

pertaining to or characterized by

*(adjective) Cancerous means pertaining to cancer.

state or condition

*(noun) Atrophy is a condition of wasitng away of a cell, tissue, organ, or part.

starch

*amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch.

sugar

*In hypoglycemia the blood sugar level is too low.

blood

*Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood.

milk

*Milk is secreted by a woman during lactation.

fat

*Lipids are fats or fatlike substances.

stone

*Lithology is the study of rocks.

small

*A microscope is an instrument used to view small (microscopic) objects.

mucus

*Generally, mucous membranes secrete mucus.

protein

*Proteinuria is an excess of proteins in urine.

fire

*Pyromaniacs enjoy setting fires or seeing fires burn.