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mind is seperate from the body and knowledge is innate
socrates and plato
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knowledge is grown from experiences and observations
aristotle
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mind and body completely seperate knowledge is innate
descartes
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tabula rasa, experiences write on
john locke
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structuralism,introspection, first psych lab
william lundt
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how our mind and behavior processes function, enable us to edapt, and survive, and flourish
william james and funstionalism
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view that psych should be objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental process, conditioning methods
watson and skinners behaviorism
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unconcious, and iceberg theory
sigmund freud, the idea of what we know and dont know (iceberg theory)
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branches of psychology
behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism, humanism, evolutionary, biological
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hindsight bias
tendecy to belive after learning the outcome, should have forseen it
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sending enables muscle action, learning and memory
acetylcholine
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inflences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
dopamine
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affects mood hunger sleep and arousal
serotonin
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body own pain killers
endorphins
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central and peripheral system
nervous system
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connects the central nervous system with the rest of the body by the nerves. 2 parts
peripheral nervous system. (somatic and automatic)
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controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system
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automatic nervous system (2 parts)
regulates glands and involuntary activities. para sympathetic and sympathetic
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spends energy and prepares the body for action
sympathetic
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parasympathetic
calms body and replenishes energy
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pineal gland (sad)
releases melatonin. regulates activity. seasonal affective disorder.
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directs maintenance activities such as eating/drinking, sex drive and body temp. governs the endocrine via pituitary glans/\. linked to emotion and reward
hypothamlmus
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behind forhead involved in speaking and muscle movement and making plans
frontal lobe
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parietal lobe
top of brain, deals with sensory input and touch
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guy that had rod shot through frontal lobe. personality changed. showed that brain
phineas gage
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associations area
area of the cerebral cortex, higher mental thinking. remembering speaking, learning
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language expression, muscle movement in speech
brocas area
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language reception , language comprehension and expression
wernickes area
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medulla
hearet beat, breathing, blood flow
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reticular formation
arousal and impulses
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thalamus
sesory switch board. all senses but smelling go there.
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amygdala
fear, road rage, anger
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process where sensory receptors and nervous system recieve and represent info from enviroment
sensation
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psychology
scientific study of behavior
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lesions
injury or disease in the brain tissue
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very limited incoming info, blocking out most and often shifting the spotlight. of attention from one to the other
selective attention or aka the cocktail party phenomenon
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stage 4
deepest sleep, large delta waves
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EEG
detects brain waves, helps see different stages of sleep/dreams
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converts cells to nerve signals, sends them to brain
retina
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theory that spinal cordhas a neurological gate that blocks pain signal to brain. gate opens by the activity of pain signals that travel up small nerve fibers
gate control theory
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hammer,anvil, stirrup, cochlea
parts of hearing and the simicricular canals
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process of of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
perception
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percieiving objects as unchanging (shapes are and stay the same)
perceptual constancy
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distribution
patterns of responces. bell curve
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making a whole out of something thats not complete
gestalt theory
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one personb suggests that certain perceptions, feelings,, thoughts
hypnosis
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learning
The acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by being taught.
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the act or processof responding to a stimulus similar to but distinct fromthe conditioned stimulus.
generalization
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reinfocement schedule: are those where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.
fixed ratio
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reinfocement schedule: occur when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. (gambling)
variable ratio
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reinforcement schedule: are those where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
fixed interval
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reinforcement schedule: occur when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
variable interval
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distinguish 2 similar, but different stimuli
discrimination
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latent learning
learning that occurs but is not used until there is a reason to demonstrate it
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recalling itemes or remembering them
recency effect
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"trial and error" to learn on your own
heuristic
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is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. In gestalt psychology.
funtional fixedness
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"synthetic thinking" is the ability to draw on ideas from across disciplines and fields of inquiry to reach a deeper understanding of the world and one's place in it
divergent thinking
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oriented towards deriving the single best (or correct) answer to a clearly defined question. It emphasizes speed, accuracy, logic, and the like, and focuses on accumulating information, recognizing the familiar, reapplying set techniques
convergent thinking
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We live our lives believing that all things occur randomly and appear randomly. (coin flip)
representative heuristic
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Our memory plays a major role in decision making
availabilty heuristic
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smallest units of meaning in a language
morphemes
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smallest units in the sound of a language
phomenes
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grammatical structure
syntax
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semantics
meaning of the word
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overgeneralization
applying a grammatical rule when it shouldn't be used
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noam chomsky
creator of the theory of generative grammar
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the commonly held belief that the cognitive prosesses of all human beings possess a common logical structure which operates prior to and independently of comunication through language is erroneous. people see different world views
whorfian hypothesis
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