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Posterior:
behind/in back of.
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Superioris:
located above/is larger.
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Inferioris:
located below/ is smaller.
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Depressor:
draws down/depresses.
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Dilator:
opens/enlarges/expands.
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Myology:
the study of muscles.
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What are the functions of the muscular system?
- -support of the muscular system.
- -production of body movements.
- -contouring the body.
- -involvement in the function of other body systems.
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List and describe all the muscle types.
- -Voluntary/Striated: respond to commands regulated by will.
- -Involuntary/NonStriated: control various body functions, respond automatically.
- -Cardiac: heart muscle, only muscle of it's type in the human body, involuntary.
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List and describe the parts of the muscle.
- -Origin: non-moving/fixed portion of the muscle, attached to bones or another fixed muscle.
- -Belly: midsection of the muscle, between two attached sections.
- -Insertion: the portion of the muscle joined to moveable attachments.
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In what direction should muscles be manipulated?
from insertion to origin.
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How does a muscle create movement?
through contraction (tightening) + expansion (relaxing).
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According to the textbook, what are methods for muscle stimulation?
- -Massage
- -Electric Current
- -Light Rays
- -Heat Rays
- -Moist Heat
- -Nerve/Impulses
- -Chemicals
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What is the term for the scalp?
Epicranium.
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What muscle covers the scalp?
Occipitofrontalis/Epicranis
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What is the aponeurosis?
a tendon.
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What muscles are attached by the aponeurosis?
the frontalis and occipitals.
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List the ear muscles and their location relative to the ear.
- -Auricularis: front of the ear.
- -Auricularis Superior: above the ear.
- -Auricularis Posterior: behind the ear.
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Corrugator:
Located between the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward.
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris:
located above the eyelid, functions to raise the eyelid.
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Orbicularis Oculi:
circles the eye socket and functions to close the eyelid.
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Procerus:
located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose, draws down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose.
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Oris Orbicularis:
circles the mouth and is responsbile for contracting, puckering and wrinkling the lips : kissing or whistling.
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Quadratus Labii Superioris:
known as the levator/labii, lip, raises both the nostrils and the upper lip : expressing distaste.
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Quadratus Labii Inferioris:
located below the lower lip, pulls lower lip down or to the side; expresses sarcasm.
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Mentalis:
located at the tip of the chin, pushes lower lip up and wrinkles the chin; expresses doubt.
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Risorius:
located at the center of the mouth, draws mouth up and out : grinning.
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Caninus:
located at the corners of the mouth, raises the angle of the mouth : snarling.
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Triangularis:
located below the corners of the mouth, draws corner of mouth down; expresses depression.
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Zygomaticus:
located outside the corners of the mouth, draws mouth up and back : laughing.
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Buccinator:
located between the jaws and cheek, compresses cheek, to release air outwardly : blowing.
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Temporalis:
located above and in front of the ear, performs both opening and closing the jaw : chewing(mastication).
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Masseter:
covers the hinge of the jaw, aids in closing the jaw : chewing.
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Platysma:
extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulders and chest, depresses the lower jaw and lip; expresses sadness.
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Sternocleido Mastoideus:
extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collar bone, caues head to move from side to side and up and down : nodding "yes" and "no".
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Trapezius & Latissimus Dorsi:
covers back of neck and upper back; draws head back, rotates shoulder blades, controls swinging of arms.
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Pectoralis Major and Minor:
extends across the front of chest, assist in swinging the arms.
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Serratus Anterior:
located under the arm, helps in lifting the arm and breathing.
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Deltoid:
covers the shoulder, triangular-shaped, lifts the arma nd turns it.
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Bicep:
primary muscle in front of the upper arm, raises the forearm, bends the elbow, turns palm of hand down.
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Tricep:
extends the length of the upper arm to forearm, controls the forward movement of the forearm.
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Supinator:
runs parallel to the ulna, turns the palm up.
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Pronator:
runs across the front of the lower part of the radius and ulna, turns the palm of the hand downward/inward.
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Flexor:
located mid forearm on inside of arm, bends the wrist and closes the fingers.
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Extensor:
located mid forearm, outside the arm, straightens the fingers and wrist.
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Abductor:
separate the fingers.
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Adductor:
draws the fingers together.
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Opponens:
causes the thumb to move toward fingers, gives the ability to make a fist or grasp.
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