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Where does the word Geography come from?
From Greek- Meaning Earth (Geo) and Writing About (Graphy)
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What are the two main branches of Geography?
- Physical Geography- The Physical Planet
- Human Geography- The different people who live around the world
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What is another name for Geography that involves the study of spaces on the Earth's surface?
Spatial Studies
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What is the ability to construct and use mental maps, visualize spaces in your mind, and is very important in the study of Geography?
Spatial Skills
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Definition of Maps
Flat, two dimensional representation of space. Main tool in Geography.
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Definition of Cartography
Practice of making maps
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Cardinal Directions
- Most important directions- North, South, East, West
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Definition of Globes
Most accurate method of showing the entire surface of the Earth. It is an exact scale model of the Earth.
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What are Great Circle Routes?
The shortest distance between two points on a globe or around the world
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What are Global Gores
- The surface of a sphere, or globe, laid down flat
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All maps are distorted because it is not possible to put the surface of a 3D object (Earth) on to a 2D object (map) without distortion. What is this called?
Map Distortion
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What are Map Projections?
Different ways, or styles, of presenting our round Earth on Flat Maps- All have distortion
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What are Geographic Information Systems (GIS)? example: GPS
Spatial Information Systems that merge information from satellites and land based sources, computers store this in digital form, good example is GPS, Global Positioning Systems
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What is the amount of degrees in a circle (and around the world)?
360 degrees
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What is the invisible line that streches around the middle of the Earth dividing the Earth into two equal parts, NTS? Baseline latitude= 0 degrees
Equator
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What are the lines that indicate how far North + South of the Equator is? They are parallel
Latitude lines
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What is the Range of Latitude?
0 degrees- The Equator to 90 degrees North + South- The North and South Poles
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What is the Prime Meridian?
The baseline longitude 0 degrees running through Greenwich (London) England. All other lines of longitude are measured in degrees from 0 to 180 East + West from it
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What are longitude lines?
Known as meridian, they measure distance East + West of the Prime Meridian from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
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What is the maximum longitude (180 degrees) running through the pacific ocean and is also the location of the first and last time zones?
International Date Line (IDL)
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How many Hemispheres are on Earth?
4
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What creates a Global Grid?
- Interesecting lines of latitude and longitude
- gives every place on Earth an absolute location, or global address
- Ex. San Antonio- 29N, 98W
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How many Time Zones in the world are there?
24
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What are Time Zones based on?
360 degrees of longitude (total)/24 time zone= 15 degrees of longitude per time zone
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What degree is the tilt of the Earth?
23.5 degrees tilt from vertical
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Where is the Tropic of Cancer?
23.5 degrees North, In northeren edge of the tropical climate zone
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Where is the Tropic of Capricorn?
23.5 degrees South, In southern edge of the tropical climate zone
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What's the definition for Climate?
Term for the weather patterns that an area or region typically experiences over a long period of time
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What are Tropical Climate Zones "the tropics" (low latitude climate zone)?
Areas on Earth that receive the most direct sunlight and greatest heat energy from the sun- always warm
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Where is the Artic Circle?
- Max latitude 90 North
- tilt of the Earth 93.5
- 66.5 North
- Marks the edge of the polar climate zone in the North
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Where is the Antartic Circle?
- Max latitude 90 South
- tilt of the Earth 23.5
- 66.5 South
- Marks the edge of the polar climate zone in the South
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Where is the Polar Climate Zone (high latitude)?
In the high latitudes from the circle lines to the poles. Sunlight strikes there very indirectly, and it's always cold there
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