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Interest group
- People with shared policy goals who try and achieve these goals through several means
- Pursue their goals in many arenas
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Pluralist theory
Politics is a competition among groups
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Elite theory
Societies divide along class lines and the elite class will rule
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Hyperpluralist theory
- Groups are too strong so govt is weakened
- Exaggerated pluralism
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Subgovernments
- Great deal of control over certain areas
- Iron triangles- consist of interest group leaders, the corresponding gov't agency, and members of Congress that handle the policy the interest group deals in
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Potential group
All the people who might be in an interest group because of shared interests
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Actual group
The members who actually join an interest group
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Collective good
- Clean air, better working conditions, higher wages
- Something of value that can't be withheld from a potential group member
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Free-rider problem
When people don't join a union or interest group but still benefit
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Olson's law of large groups
- Mancur Olson
- The larger a group, the further it falls short of its goals
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Selective benefits
- Goods that can be restricted to include only actual group members
- Discounts, group insurance rates, etc.
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Single-issue groups
Narrow interests, dislike compromise, get members that are new to politics
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Lobbying
Communication not in ones own interest directed at a gov't official to try and influence their decision
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Electioneering
- Direct group involvement in the electoral process
- PACs
- Fund campaigns, get members to work for candidates
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Political action committees
- PACs
- Corporation, union or other interest group can create and register a PAC
- Monitored closely
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Amicus curiae briefs
- Legal briefs submitted for an additional point of view
- Submitted by those that aren't formal parties
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Class action suits
A small number of people sue on behalf of all other people that are in similar situations
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Union shop
Require employees to join a union and stay in it to keep their jobs
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Right-to-work law
- Forbids union shops
- Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
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Public interest lobbies
Seek a collective good that won't give the organizations material benefits
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