Gov 15.txt

• A hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle and behaves with impersonality
• Governs modern states
• Well-organized machine

• Used by political machines
• A job/promotion/contract given for political rather than merit reasons

• 1883
• Created a federal civil service do that hiring was based on merit not patronage

• System of hiring and promotion based on merit and competence
• Nonpartisan gov't service

Hiring should be based on entrance exams and ratings to produce a talented and skilled administration

Prohibits gov't employees from active participation in partisan politics

• In charge of hiring for most agencies
• Elaborate rules for process

• Schedule for federal employees
• GS1 to GS18
• Salaries can be keyed to rating and experience

• 9000 federal gov't managers
• Mostly career officials but some political appointees (no Senate confirmation required)
• Established by Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
• GS16-GS18

• Gov't agency responsible for some section of the economy
• Makes and enforces rules to protect public interests
• Judges disputes over these rules

• Provides a service that could be provided by the private sector
• Typically charges for services
• US Postal Service

• Gov't not accounted for by cabinet, independent regulatory commissions or gov't corporations
• Appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure
• NASA

• Stage of policymaking between the establishment and the consequences for the people it affects
• Translate goals into an ongoing program

• SOPs
• Used by bureaucrats to bring uniformity to complex organizations
• Improves fairness and makes personnel Interchangeable

• Authority of administrative actors to select a response to a problem
• Most prevalent when case doesn't fit in SOPs

• Bureaucrats in constant contact with the public
• Higher administrative discretion

• Use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in a private sector
• Seen in daily lives

Lifting of restrictions on businesses, industry, and professional activities for which rules were established and bureaucracies created to enforce

• Typical system of regulation
• Gov't tells businesses how to reach certain goals, checks that these are followed
• Punishes offenders

• Market like strategies used to manage public policy
• Reward those who follow it

• Regulations orienting from the executive branch
• Presidents can use these to control the bureaucracy

• Mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, committees or subcommittees and interest groups
• Dominate some areas of domestic policy