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John Brown
Abolitionist seen as a murderer to the South and a hero in the North. Tried to start a slave uprising.
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54th Massachusetts
African american Regiment
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Republican
Believed in rights for all races (Abraham Lincoln's party)
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Reasons for coming to the New World
Religious freedom, desire fo rland, poverty in homeland, provide England with raw materials
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Patriots
Colonists who Wanted to be separate form England
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Tea Act
Tax on tea. Colonists boycotted and destroyed entire shipments of tea
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"Taxation without Representation"
Only they could tax themselves...Not England
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Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Critical in changing public opinion in Rev.
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French and Indian War
Caused England to increase taxes due by the Colonists
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Declaration of Independence
Rights are given by the governed. When the people don't agree with teh government they can abolish it, natural rights
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Articles of Confederation
Failed becasue national government was too weak
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Bill of Rights
guarantee basic individual rights
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Cabinet
Established by Washington to help the new nation
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Alien and Sedition Act
Cannot speak out against the government and limited foreigners from entering the US
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Federalists
Favored national bank and a strong central government that favored the wealthy, Thomas Jefferson
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Democratic Republicans
Wanted limited central government, favored strict interpretation of teh Constitution, and primarily focused on agriculture
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Political Parties
Formed because of the differeing beliefs of Hamilton and Jefferson
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Washington Precident
2 terms, federal power (Whiskey Rebellion), cabinet
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Marbury v. Madison
Established Judicial Review
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Louisiana Purchase
Bought for $15 million from France, Jefferson expanded the power of the President to purchase, Doubled U.S. in size
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Spoils System
Exlected officials give supporters government jobs
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Jackson's Native American Policy
Assimilate into U.S. culture or Move West
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Seneca Falls Convention (Declaration of Sentiments)
Modeled after the Decalarion of Independence. Wanted equal rights for women.
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Temperance movement
Ban the manufacture and sale of alcohol
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Dorotha Dix
Helped the mentally ill
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Indian Removal Act
Unconstitutional, however Jackson continued to enforce the act
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Corrupt Bargain
Elected John Q. Adams to president in 1824
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Gold Rush
California. Brought a diverse population to the area looking for riches
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Causes of War of 1812
Election of warhawks, impressement of american seamen, protect Native land
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Results of War of 1812
U.S. Nataionalism increased, relations with Britain improved, US stayed independent
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Westward Migration
Increased opportunities for a better life
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Manifest Destiny
Expansion of the United States from ocean to ocean
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Era of Good Feelings
Monroe Doctrine, National Road, American system all show nationalism
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Monroe Doctrine
Prevented European interference in the Western Hemisphere
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Jacksonian Democracy
Make the government more responsible to the common man
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Popular Sovereignty
People deside the rules of the state
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Cotton Gin
Increased the need for slave work in the South, made slave labor more profitable
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Mexican War Result
gained territory
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Texas Independence Problems
possible war with Mexico, more slave states, more Southern power in COngress
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Missouri Compromise
Temporary solution to the problem of slavery
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Sectionalism
NOrthern part of the country was more industrial while the Southern part was more agricultural
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Compromise of 1850
Caused a new stronger Fugative Slave Law (upset Abolitionists)
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
Upset Southerners becasue they thought it was inaccurate
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Abolitionist movement
Did not peacefully and immediately end slavery
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Kansas Nebraska Act
Repealed the Missouri Compromise line
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Dred Scott
Slavers were property
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South States Secede
Want State's Rights
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Emancipation Proclamation
Added freeing the slaves a main purpose of the war
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Secession
South upset that Lincoln won the presidency without any Southern electoral votes
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Lincoln's Second Inaugural
Fight to get rid of slavery
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Habeas Corpus
cannot be jailed without reason. Suspended during Civil War. Balance of individual liberyt and national needs
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Compromise of 1877
Removed troops from the South, End of Reconstruction
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Sharecropping
Kept African Americans in the South in a cycle of poverty and debt
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Seperate but equal
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Jim Crow Laws
Segregated the South. Failure of Reconstruction
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Disenfranchisement
Poll taxes, literacy tests, property requirements
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Death of the Buffalo
Hurt tribal life on the Great Plains
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Muckrakers
People who exposed problems in society in order to get reform
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Progreeisve Era Amendments
Women's Suffrage (19), Direct Election of Senators (17), and Ban on the production of alcohol (18)
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Social Darwinism
Survival of the Fittest, weak businesses should not get help
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Immigration in late 1800s
Angel Island (East) and Ellis Island (West), needed money, literacy, and jobs
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Labor Unions
Workers joined to improve their employment situations
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Mass production
Increases the population of cities
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Progressives
Helps consumer protections, corrupt government, and monopolies
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Federal Reserve System
Regulating the money supply by setting interest rates
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