technique that attempts to increase the production of creative ideas by encouraging group members to speak freely w/ out criticizing thier own or others contributions
brainstorming
people engaged in common activities but having minimal direct interaction
collective
theory that individualswill exert effort on a collective task to the degree that they think thier individual effors will be important, relevant, and meaningful for achieving outcomes that they value
collective effort model
loss of a person's sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior
deindividuation
theory holding that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract from the task and create attentional conflict
distraction conflict theory
condition in which commitments to a failing course of action are increased to justify investments already made
escalation effect
theory holding that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others are seen as potential
evluation apprehension theory
strategy for unilateral, persistant, efforts to establish trust and cooperation btwn opposing parties
graduated and reciporcated initives in tension-reduction (GRIT)
exaggeration thru group discussion of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members
group polarization
group decision-making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence
groupthink
negotiated resolution to a conflict in which all parties obtain outcomes that are superior to what they would have obtained from an equal division of the contested resources
intergrative agreement
proposition that the mere presence of others is sufficient to produce social facilitation effects
mere presence theory
type of dilemma in which one party must make either cooperative or competitive moves in relation to another party; typically designed in such a way that competitive moves are more beneficial to either side, but if both sides make competitive moves, they are both worse off than if they both cooperated
prisoner's dilemmas
situation in which a self-interested choice by everyone creates the worst outcome for everyone
social dilemma
process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks
social facilitation
group-produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled
social loafing
shared system for remembering information that enables multiple people to remember information together more efficiently than they could alone