Pharm Cardio

• Decrease AV nodal conduction
• Inhibit Na/K/ATPase
• Increase Ca conc in heart cells = increase in contraction force
• Tx CHF and Atrial Flutter - inotropic - decreases K levels = dig Toxicity

• Tx Black men
• Tx AV nodal re entrance

• Decrease AV nodal conduction. Cinchonism
• Anticholinergic = aggravate MG
• Hypotension = alpha block

Class Ia anti-arrhythmic - moderate Na channel block

Atrial arrhythmia pre tx w/ drug that will decrease ventricular responses: Dig, Beta (-), Ca Ch (-)

• Decrease AV nodal conduction. Decrease BP
• Negative inotrope = no CHF use

• Increase O2 supply via decrease in vasospasm
• Tx Prinzmetal's variant angina

• Decrease AV nodal conduction. Decrease BP
• Negative inotrope (= beta block)
• Aggravates asthma and DM via the beta 2 block

Blocks reflex tachy but causes excess brady = increase distole time = increased EDV

balanced vasodilator

• Balanced vasodilator. Unloads heart
• Increases cyanide = pre tx w/thiosulfate
• Tx - acute HTN crisis

Tx severe resistant HTN. Depletes Ca, see stuffy nose. No to pts w/ peptic ulcers

High doses beta 2 (+) offset alpha1 = beta1 increase CO w/o systemic vascular resistance

At low doses tx shock = dilates renal and mesenteric aa = maintain urine output

Short acting beta (-)

• Balanced vasodilator
• Tx output CHF, see dry cough (bradykinin induced)

Fatal ventricular arrhythmia's w/ severe AV block

• Class Ib anti-arrhythmic. Normalizes conduction
• Tx initial MI = control arrhythmia

Class Ic anti-arrhythmic. Marked conduction slowing

• Long t 1/2 = need potent doses to obtain desired levels for action
• See blue skin, ocular deposits, pulmonary finrosis

• Increase AV node conduction via beta 1
• Metoprolol (-) beta 1

• Decrease AV node conduction via M receptor
• Atropine (-) M-r

Controls catecholamine induced arrhythmia

Tx Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia but causes passing catecholamine release that can aggravate arrhythmia briefly

Tx Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage by preventing post hemorrhagic vasospasm

decreases excess vagal tone as seen in Sinus Bradycardia

Decrease preload = venous pooling. Decrease MVO2 = reflex tachy. increase ventricular work = decrease O2 demand

Prevents arterial platelets adhesion (not DVT thrombi). Inactivates COX = decrease platelet production of TxA2, a potent vasoconstrictor

(-) Vit K dependent gamma carboxylation of clotting factors = anticoagulation state

Dependent on antithrombin III activation

• Binds to fibrin clots and activates plasminogen on the spot, Short t 1/2, give IV
• Does not discriminate b/t fibrin-based clots = bleeding and stroke complications

From bacteria = allergies arise. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts

Human source, increase plasmin. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts

• Bile acid sequestrates. Interrupt bile acid reabsorption = increased LDL uptake
• Cholestyramine has same MOA

• HMGCoA reductase (-) = increase LDL-r synthesis.
• Pravastatin / Mevastatin same MOA

• Decreased aldosterone
• Increased Renin 2-3x's

• Tx insulinomas
• Not balanced vasodilator = only dilates arterial SM

Central alpha2 (+). Decreases TPR via decreased sympathetic effect

Central alpha2 (+). (++) Coombs = Hemolytic anemia

DOC for pregnancy induced HTN

Class Ib reverse mild AV block due to digtoxin toxicity

Class Ia - SLE liek syndrome

Only thiazide that will have no effect on cholesterol

Older black men w/ HTN due to Increased Renin

Young white men w/o asthma (causes bronchospasm)

• (-) change AI --> AII. (-) Bradykinin inactivation
• Captropil / Enalapril
• Causes renal failure = use w/ caution in elderly

• Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent : decrease GFR and Filtration pressure
• Decrease diabetic renal failure progression

• Increase contraction rate & force via Beta1
• Increase systolic but decrease in diastolic BP
• Decreased in peripheral resistance via beta2 vasodilation

• Increase HR and systolic and diastolic BP
• Increase peripheral blood vessel resistance

Beta (-), decrease risk of reinfarction and sudden death following MI

Amiodarone: class III anti-arrhythmia

Ca Ch (-). Limited clinical use due to Torsades de Pointes

• Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (Theophyline)
• Favored for tx of Reentrant Spura Ventricular Tachycardia

Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant

Increased HR and decreased MAP

Use Ca Ch (-) (Nifedipine)

Beta(-) = you don't want to decrease heart's pumping strength