flashcards.txt

to store in, to equip with or to control by means of computers

[C] a unique inaudible code inserted into a digital file that identifies the owner or the first person who legally purchased the file

[U] proof of identity as a security measure that requires users to securely verify who they are

[U] the process by which an electronic device recognizes acoustic or printed or written letters or numbers.

relating to a compressed file that can be returned to its original size

relating to a disk or a file which is not ready for use and unorganized

a piece of equipment, consisting of at least a keyboard and a screen that joins a user to the central computer network

[C] a small program which is run from within another application, for example from within a browser or a website

[C] a destructive program that can make copies of itself and destroy information on computers that are connected to each other

indicating extreme smallness: one billionth part of a unit

relating to the transmission of data at high speeds over ordinary copper telephone wires or fibre wires

[U] a system to manage all the information and functions of a business or company from shared data stores

to insert an object into a file or an Internet page in such a way that it is no longer linked to the source document

to convert analogue information into a digital form that can be read and processed by a computer

[C] a computer system that is programmed to imitate the problem-solving procedures that a human expert makes

[U] the act of putting data in a secret code so it is unreadable except by authorized users

[C] a device that sends data packets through networks

[C] an optional product designed to complement another application, for example a �solver� in Excel

[C] a tool within an application that helps you use the application by giving you a series of simple choices

[C] a system or combination of systems that enforces a boundary between the Internet and another network or a workstation

to set up a program or computer system for a particular use

[C] the part inside a computer to which chips are attached, allowing the computer to do specific things

[C] a destructive program that masquerades as a benign application containing additional hidden code

[C] a large and powerful computer that can support hundreds, or even thousands, of users at the same time

[C] a computer in a communications network where any computer on the network can be a client and/or server

- to insert code into a computer program to fix or modify it in some way - [C] the code inserted into a computer program to fix or modify it in some way

related to the Internet

[U] the restoration of corrupted data resulting from damaged disks, viruses, power spikes, and other problems

[C] an instruction given to the computer by means of keyboard, mouse or voice command

a central device that connects several computers together or several networks together

[C] a power supply that includes a battery to maintain power in case of a power failure

relating to a product which is privately owned and controlled

to make a program or command happen or work

a hardware or software setup that provides access to other systems or networks with differing protocols

relating to memory or storage devices that lose their content when the power is shut off

the hardware and/or operating system on which a program runs

- [C] a group of computers, connected together to improve computing power - to connect a group of computers together to improve computing power

able to accept instructions for automatic operation or computer processing

- to copy information from your computer to a separate storage device

relating to electronic devices that are mostly without touch

relating to business software that enables companies and consumers to exchange services, information or products online

[C] a special window on a screen allowing the user to communicate with the computer by entering information or setting options

[C] a material like silicon, which partially allows electricity to move through it, or an electronic device made from this material

extremely small

[C] the main control program of a computer that schedules tasks, manages storage, and handles peripherals

[U] merging two or more disparate technologies by incorporating, for example, digicams and Web browsers into PDAs

relating to changing data that is processed fast enough to control its source

referring to the process of transferring data between two local devices, especially between a computer and a mobile device

trying to access a network or a computer without the official permission

[C] a message that communicates to the user that the computer cannot carry out an instruction, or there is some other problem

a solid-state, non-volatile, rewritable memory that functions like a combination of RAM and ROM

[C] a workstation or a software program a personal computer, both of which rely on a server to perform certain tasks

to damage a computer file in such a way that the information in it is no longer correct

relating to computer programs and devices

designed to transfer data sequentially, i.e. one data bit after another

[C] the central part of a computer system that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions

[C] a shared boundary or common point for interaction between hardware and hardware or between a human and a computer

[U] the ability of a computer to copy intelligent human behaviour in finding a solution to a problem

using computer systems as aids for special purposes

[C, usually sing.] the use of the internet as a means to connect sources of information worldwide

[C] he working space used by the computer to hold the program that is currently running, along with the data it needs

[C] a computer utility program that uses AI to perform tasks such as retrieving and delivering information

(of a measured value) taking any value between a maximum and a minimum

[U] the process of placing, holding and retrieving data on a computer

[U] applying the resources of many computers in a network to solve or work on the same problem simultaneously

being able to use a computer well

[C] a model for describing (a part of) the world that consists of a objects or concepts, their properties and their relationships

- [C] the main computer in a network that provides facilities to other computers - to provide facilities to other computers in the same network

[C] any set of actions that attempt to undermine the integrity, confidentiality or availability of a resource.

- [C] a reserved area of memory where data can be stored for a short time - to store data in a reserved area of memory for a short time

[U] a program or device's ability to link with other programs and devices

beyond the usual size or limits

to adapt a program or application to suit the needs of the owner

[C] any piece of hardware connected to a computer, or any part of the computer outside the CPU and working memory

relating to a system of mutually linked devices or systems

[C] a map or plan showing the arrangement and interlinking of computers in a network

related to the new things that have been made possible by computer systems or the Internet

[U] a form of Internet fraud that involves someone pretending to be someone else in order to steal money or gain other benefits

the combination of many different databases which come from different parts of a business and which are stored together

[C] an kind of handheld and palm-sized PC, electronic organizer, smartphone, or pager

included as part of an application and accessible by end-users

to find and bring back stored data, so that it can be displayed on the screen and processed

relating to long distance

(of a computer or a computer system) able to "learn" from experience, used in applications such as speech recognition, robotics, medical diagnosis, etc.

(of software and hardware) (~ with) able to work together

[C] a program or a group of programs that performs a particular task for the user, such as a word-processor or a spreadsheet

to turn off an optional software item, making it non-functional

to change encrypted data back to its original form

[C] software that allows an operating system to communicate with a hardware or peripheral device

to find and remove the errors in a computer program

[U] the practice of tricking a user into giving away personal information into a fake form on the Internet

[C] a peripheral that prints text or illustra- tions on paper

[C] an individual name used to gain access to a computer system, also part of an email address before the @ symbol

[U] the rules of correct or polite behaviour for the Internet, especially in forums and chatrooms

[C] a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits

- to change or add to the data in a file in order to make the data current - [C] a change or addition to a computer file so that it has the most recent information

- [C] a radio-style show that is downloaded in MP-3 or video format - to upload a radio-style show in MP-3 or video format

[C] a computer screen which represents an office desktop and shows the icons of the programs ready for use

[C] the original form in which a computer program is written before it is translated into machine code

- [C] a request for information from a database - to request information from a database

[C] a small helper program that performs a specific non-routine task, such as adding a graphic

- [U] written computer instructions - to write computer instructions

existing on a computer or on the Internet, rather than in the real world

[C] a secret sequence of letters and other symbols for authentication to log into a computer system

[C] a group of interconnected computers, including the hardware and software used to connect them

- to transfer data from a server to your computer - [C] the data transferred from a server to your computer

[C] a program that collects and indexes Web pages and the references linked to them

related to something that is done on or involves the Internet

to use a software application to look for and read documents on the Internet that are written in HTML-code

(~ to) to link up a computer with the Internet or a computer network

- [C] a place on a computer to connect sth or an endpoint to a logical connection - to move software from one computer system to another

[C] a pseudonym users give themselves, either to protect their identity or to create an online presence

[C] a headphone combined with a microphone

[C] a file that is linked to an electronic message, for example to an email

to navigate through cyberspace like a surfer riding the top of a wave

a device for transmitting data over a telephone line, which converts analogue signals to digital signals and vice versa

[C] a software application that is used to look for and read documents on the Internet

[C] a wireless LAN access point or a spot in a website that contains a hyperlink

not connected to the computer and not turned on

to break into a computer system or to copy commercial software illegally by breaking copy-protection and registration techniques

- [C] a marker for finding a Web page or a specific place in a file immediately - to mark a Web page or a specific place in a file so that they can be found immediately

(of a computer or computer system) not working and not ready for use

[C] a writer who updates a publicly accessible Web page that serves as a personal journal for any subject

- [C] a copy of information on your computer, which is stored separately

[C] a flat surface in a cinema, on a television or a computer system on which pictures or words are shown

[C] a block of information in the form of bytes, stored together on a computer or external storage device, and given a name

[C] a symbol displayed on the computer screen that is moved by means of a mouse, stylus, trackball, etc.

[C] an error in software or the chip layout that causes repeated malfunctions

[C] a miniature display on a computer screen which shows you what a larger picture will look

to combine two files in such a way that the resulting file has the same organization as the two original files

[C] a removable device with a flash memory card format

[C] a special memory area (buffer) which is used to transfer text or graphics within a document or between documents

[C] a test for a computer product given to customers prior to commercial release, often preceded by a round of alpha testing

a program or service on the Internet that allows users to search for files and information

to remove an application from a computer by removing all the files that were added when the application was initially installed

[C] a small picture on the screen which represents a computer application, a file etc.

to change a compressed file back to its original size

[C] the exact directions to a file on a computer, usually described by means of the hierarchical filing system

using traditional copper telephone lines with analogue signals to connect a computer to a network

[C] the place in a network or organisation where users ask questions or report problems with hardware or software

- [U] the electronic equivalent of junk mail, often advertising material - to send the same message to many different people over the Internet

- to update a publicly accessible Web page serving as a personal journal for the writer - [C] a publicly accessible Web page that serves as a personal journal for the writer

[C] a printed version of text or data from a computer

pertaining to a numbering system that has 2 as its base and uses only two digits, 0 and 1, for its notation

- a message sent to an Internet discussion group for all the group members to read - to put a message or computer file on the Internet so that other people can see it

- [C] a web page made by mixing and matching content from other sources

^- to play sound or video it on your computer while it is being downloaded from the net - the file played on your computer while it is being downloaded from the net

[C] the main circuit board inside a computer that everything plugs into and that contains the CPU, the busses, memory sockets, etc.

to display a sequence of images in a computer program to give the impression of motion

(~ to) to convert and copy sounds or pictures from a DVD or CD onto a computer

- to restart a computer - [C] the act of restarting a computer

to link a file to an electronic message, for example to an email

able to be rewritten many times

[U] harmonizing a single set of data between two or more devices, automatically copying changes back and forth

[C] a program or computer that you use for writing letters and other documents

[C] a small helper program that performs a specific routine task, such as examining or copying files

relating to any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver

[C] a virtual container used to organize other directories and files in a hierarchical structure

[C] in a database, a group of fields that make up one complete entry

to move a card with information stored on a magnetic stripe through a device to read this information

to send data from one point to another by means of radio waves or along a transmission line

- to read or write data on a computer file - [U] the act of reading data from a computer file

[C] someone who uses the Internet frequently and in a responsible way

[C] a graphical representation of a person on a computer screen, especially in a computer game or chat room

[C] a language that has codes for indicating the layout and styling of a file, such as ita- lics, paragraphs, insertion of graphics, etc.

- to install or make a new and presumably better version of hardware or software - [C] a newer, presumably better, version of hardware or software

[C] a software program that controls or supplies information to several clients connected in a network

[C] a computer visualization of a three- dimensional image showing the outlines of all edges in a transparent drawing

(of a computer or computer system) working and ready for use

- to transfer data from your computer to a server - [C] the data transferred from your computer to a server

[C] imitating a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas

a branch of forensic science pertaining to legal evidence found in computers and digital storage media

[C] a type of card which stores data by modifying the magnetism on a band of magnetic material.

- to automatically mix and match content from other sources on one�s web page

to update the screen with new data that has arrived since you first began looking at it

[U] applying the principles of quantum mechanics to computer technology to make computers of the future much faster

[C] a specified area, within a database record, used for a particular category or item, for example, Name, City, Zip Code

to turn on an optional software item to make it functional

[C] application software for playing multimedia files, including both audio and video files

[C] a part of the Internet that is owned by an organization or person, where they can upload files or access email

to put data in a secret code so that only someone with the right key can read it

to code data in a format that takes up less space and is faster to transmit

(of computer files and database) containing information organized in such way that it can be found using a computer

related to an approach to programming in which each data item with the operations used on it is designated as an object

[C] the main page of a Web site to which the others are linked

to perform the routine to finish using a computer system

[C] a sequence of images in a computer program giving the impression of motion

- [C] software and/or services included with a new computer at no extra cost - to include computer software or services with a new computer at no extra cost

- [U] an instruction that a program assumes if the user gives no other instructions- (of a program) to assume an instruction if the user gives no other instructions

to use ingenuity and creativity to solve computer programming problems or to overcome the limitations of a system

[C] a subdivision of a computer display screen, each of which can run a different program or display different data

relating to business software that enables companies to exchange services, information or products online

[C] a software app, e.g. a spider, that runs without human intervention to perform repetitive tasks on the Internet

- to operate or execute a program - (of a program) to be executed

[C] a site that is intended to be the point of entry to the Web

to access a computer system, often by means of a password

[C] a computer program that translates a high-level programming language into machine code

[U] the unauthorized copying of copyrighted software or media for personal or commercial use.

using a series of the digits one and zero to receive and send information by means of an electronic signal that is either on or off

[U] the amount of data that can be sent through a network connection at any one time

[C] the way a computer or network is set up to meet the user�s requirements, or the set- up of the hard- and software components

[C] a symbol that can represent any single or group of numbers or letters in operating systems and applications

[C] a hardware device that reads and writes information on disks, CDs or tapes

[C] the speed at which data can be transmitted from one device to another

(of a computer program or system) designed to deal with data which is imprecise or has uncertain boundaries

relating to computer programs that accept input from the user while they are running

[C] a device for entering drawings, sketches or handwriting into a computer by means of an LCD screen and a stylus

[C] a terminal or personal computer for one person to work at

[C] an interconnection point on a computer network where numerous lines come together at the same switch

[C] regular postal service mail, which is slower than electronic mail

- [C] a marker for finding a Web page or a specific place in a file immediately - to mark a Web page or a specific place in a file so that they can be found immediately

- to save a particular state of a program, esp. the information currently displayed - [C] the act of saving a particular state of program, esp. the info currently displayed

[C] a set of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer system to another

[U] the ability of one computer to work in the same way as another computer

[C] an application that is used to perform automatic calculations on changing data

[C] a series of commands that can be executed without user interaction

relating to a basic level of development of a device, usually implying a cheap price

[C] a group of integrated circuits (chips) that are used together to perform a specific function

[C] a computer that works on its own without being part of a network

[C] a small mark that can be moved around a computer screen to show exactly where you are working

(of data transmission) differing downstream bit rate and upstream bit rate

[C] a software tool or online service that you use to check things, e.g. grammar and spelling

- (~ up) to load the first piece of software when starting a computer - the act of loading the first piece of software when starting a computer

[C] a small square in a dialog box that you can click to leave a Web site

[C] a discussion group on the Internet which is focused on a particular topic

[U] the process of extracting hidden patterns from a group of data that can be used to predict future behaviour

(~ into) to pass light over a picture or document in order to copy and store it in the memory of a computer

- [C] an indication of command beginnings and endings or a file formatting command - to mark a section of a file with a formatting command

- [C] the way in which information is stored or held to be worked on by computers - to organize the space on a disk or the layout of a file in a particular way

[C] sending data from one point to another by means of radio waves or along a transmission line

[U] breaking a file into parts to store the data in whatever disk areas are available

[C] the essential part of a program or operating system that performs the basic functions

[C] a high-speed line or a series of connections to which smaller, local lines connect

relating to sth done so smoothly that you cannot tell where one thing stops and the next begins

many or much, more than one

to put all the parts of a file together in one location, which reduces the time the computer needs to load it into memory

[C] an arrangement that users have with a company that allows them to use the Internet for certain purposes

[C] a temporary high-speed storage area for copies of data that is often needed while a program is running

[C] a pen-like pointing and writing device for the screens on handheld computers

[C] any number from 0 to 9

[U] the act of coding data in a format that takes up less space and is faster to transmit

relating to electronic devices that have been designed so that they can be held and used easily with one or two hands

[C] a part of the Internet, featuring a combination of information retrieval and hypertext techniques

relating to the highest level of development of a device, usually implying premium price

[C] a piece of a message which is formatted for transmission on a network and includes its source and destination in the header

[U] the use of an object (RFID tag) applied to or incorporated into a product or person for identification using radio waves

to isolate the source of a problem which is suspected to be hardware-related and fix it

[C] a part of TCP/IP, which is used to route a data packet from its source to its destination over the Internet

[C] a coded pattern of thick and thin bars with varying spaces in between for recognition by a scanner

[C] a collaborative construction engine on the Web which allows any user to add and edit content

[U] software designed to help people to work together on a project with computers