Mental Health

Ability to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of living in an acceptable way

• inherited characteristics
• childhood nurturing
• life circumstances

• interfere with daily activities
• impair judgment
• alter reality

• bleeding
• massage
• blistering
• enducing vomitting
• trephining - cutting holes in the skull to encourage the evil spirits to leave

Viewed mental illness as an imbalanced of humors (air, fire, water, & earth)

• Believed patients should be in their comfortable period
• -Massage
• -Warm Baths
• -Beautiful Music
• -Peaceful surroundings

Rational soul controlled the irrational soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist, Freud.

• Extensive knowledge of drugs and awareness
• universities were established
• large institution were established and mentally ill individuals were herded into "lunatic systems"

Sheriff of London established the first English institution in 1247

• Lunatic asylum and infamous for its brutal treatments
• Also known as Bedlam

• Director of two paris hospitals
• Advocated acceptance of the mentally ill as human beings

Bellevue Hospital

A Florence Nightingale-trained nurse that helped improve care for the mentally ill

• "Diseases of the Mind" - psychiatric text
• His book advocated:
• Clean conditions
• Good air, lighting, and food
• Kindness

• surveyed asylums, jails, and almhouses
• Because of her voice, care for the mentally ill greatly improved

• "A Mind That Found Itself"
• Committee for Mental Hygiene was formed in 1909
• Focused on removing stigma of mental illness

funded the construction of psychiatric units throughout the United States

Provided funding for programs in research, training of mental health professionals, and expansion of state mental health facilities

Provide research and training related to mental illness

Chemicals that affect the mind

Discovered that lithium carbonate was effective in controlling mood swings seen in bipolar illness

Deinstitutionalization - release of large numbers of mentally ill persons into the community

Construction of mental health centers in communities

Release of 75% of institutionalized mentally ill persons in the community

• Introduced Jimmy Carter
• Assess mental health needs of the nation

• Address community mental health care and clients' rights
• Funding for mental health reform changed dramatically when new president was elected

• Repealed the Mental Health Systems Act.
• Block Grant Funding - designated amount of federal funding

Prevent housing of mentally ill patients in nursing homes

• Conducted the "first comprehensive survey and grading"
• Gave US grade of a D because of poor funding, limited availability for care, access to care, and greated involvement of consumers and their families)

Conviction that we believe is true whether or not it is based on fact

• held dear, a feeling about the worth of an item, idea, or behavior
• formed in childhood

Step by step process to help identify significant value

• One's attitudes, beliefs, and values
• An individuals right or wrong behavior
• Developed through childhood

• Power, priviledge, or existence to which one has a just claim
• Help define social interactions because they contain the principle of justice, they equally and fairly apply to all citizens
• associated with obligations

All clients have the rights to respectful care, privacy, confidentiality, continuity of care, and relevant information

• Examine their bills
• Refuse treatment
• Participate in research

Statements of rights exists for old, young, disabled, pregnant, dying, developmentally disabled, and mentally ill.

• Not able to recognize their rights, much less exercise them
• Mental health delivery system can impose limits on clients' abilities to exercise their rights

• Respect
• Safety
• Competent assistance

• set of rules or values that govern right behavior
• Reflect: values, morals, principles of right and wrong
• Protect the rights of people

• Act as guidelines for standards of practice
• Let the public know what behaviors can be expected from their health care providers

Right of people to act for themselves & make personal choices, including refusal of treatment

Actively do good

Do no harm

All clients are treated equally, fairly, and respectfully

Obligation to keep your word

Duty to tell the truth

• Policies: statements that define a course of action
• Procedures: how course of action is physically done

acts on the behalf of the patient protecting their right to make their own decisions

• Keeping patient info private from third parties
• Only exceptions to break confidentiality is: abuse, suicidal, homosidal

Choice to refuse treatment to prolong their life

personal feelings cannot affect patients care w. opposite views than you

• Legal obligation to providing the option of organ donation
• 18+ have the option of donating

Cannot legally keep confidential

Reporting a nursing collegue or unethical issue compose great emotional stress but it is a MUST.

• Focuses on the law between government and its citizens
• Protects the members of society
• Consists of misdemenours and felonies

• Focuses on the law between citizens and/or institutions
• Torts and contracts

act in which their is a threat to do bodily harm

• Physical touching without permission
• Unauthorized physical harm

• Interferring with patients freedom of movement
• Ex: Restraining patient from leaving the facility

restraints every 15 minutes and exercise patient every 2 hours

Violating private patient or family matters, taking photographs without consent

When information is shared with the third party

Verbal character attack

Written attack

Giving false information

• situations resulting in injury.
• conduct falls below standard of care

Something was not done right or at all

Negligence on the part of the nurse

• Duty of Care
• Breach of Duty
• Causation
• Injury

Scope of Practice

Statements by facilities

Everywhere

Wait full 4 hours before informed consent signed

• Have to be read to the patient in their own language by a translator
• 2 nurses must witness the consent being signed

If left unsigned and physician has to write in progress notes the reason

• Parent/Legal Guardian are responsible for consenting
• Not applicable to emancipated, married, or minors seeking STD help

• Can perform procedure without consent
• Ex: Car accidents

• "The runners"
• Runaways from facilities - can be held liable if harmed

Patient who threaten to hurt someone, we must protect those potential victims from possible harm

• Abuse
• Gunshot wounds
• Communical diseases (contagious)