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5 ways to describe a SOLID?
- 1. Particles arranged in a regular pattern and very close together
- 2. The particles are held tightly and cannot change place
- 3. They vibrate
- 4. A solid keeps it shape unless it is broken
- 5. Solids always take up the same amount of space (keeps its volume)
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5 ways to describe a LIQUID?
- 1. Particles arranged in an irregular pattern
- 2. Particles are not so tightly held.
- 3. They can flow and change places
- 4. When liquids flow they change shape and take the shape of the container
- 5. They always keep the same volume
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5 ways to describe a GAS?
- 1. Particles are far apart from each other
- 2. They are not arranged in any particular way
- 3. Weak forces holding them together
- 4. Move in random directions very quickly
- 5. Spreads out as far as possible diffusion
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What is dissolving?
It is the change when a solid mixes with a liquid to make a transparent solution
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What is the name for substances that dissolve?
Soluble
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What is the name for substances that can't dissolve?
Insoluble
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What is a solution?
A solution is a mixture (for example) of salt and water is clear, you cannot see the salt. It has dissolved.
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Solute?
The solid that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution
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Solvent?
The liquid in which the solute dissolves in
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What can dissolving be speeded up by?
- Stirring
- Warm water
- Small particles
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What is solubility?
A measure of how much solute will dissolve in a set amount of solvent at a set temperature.
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What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution is a solution in which the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute to increase the concentration of the solution.
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What are seperation techniques?
Processes used by scientists to obtain pure substances or to isolate them from other substances.
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What is a mixture?
A mixture is made from different substances that are not chemically joined together.
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What is a compound?
In a compound, two or more different elements are joined together chemically
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What is an atom?
They are the simplest form of molecule. Made up of neutrons, protons and electrons.
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What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms joined together
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What is an element?
These contain the same type of atom. They cannot be split into simpler substances.
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What is the filtrate?
The clear liquid that runs out of the filter.
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What is the residue?
The solid that is left behind
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What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process by which water is converted from its liquid form to its vapor form and then transferred from land and water masses to the atmosphere.
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What is condensation?
Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.
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What is the name of two liquids that cannot mix?
Immisicble
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Who created the Liebig Condenser?
Justus von Liebig
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What is the method to see what pigments are present in different colourings?
Chromatography
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What are the seven components of a balanced diet?
- Protein
- Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Dietary Fibre
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
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What can lack of nutrients lead to?
Malnutrition and starvation
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What is Protein needed for?
Growth, repair and maintenance of body cells.
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What is Fat needed for?
Energy, protection and insulation
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What is Carbs needed for?
Energy
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If you dont take enough vitamins, what could happen?
- VITAMIN C- scurvy
- VITAMIN D- rickets
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What are minerals needed for?
- Calcium- component of teeth and bbones
- Iron- heamoglobin
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What is Malnutrition?
It is when you do not eat a balanced diet.
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What is Dietary Fibre needed for?
helps food move along digestive system
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What is water needed for?
To keep us hydrated,transporting substances in blood cooling the body and chemical reactions
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What is the reagent used for Sugar and what is the colour change?
Benedicts solution and blue-brick red
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What is the reagent used for Starch and what is the colour change?
Iodine and yellow/brown-blue/black
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What is the reagent used for Protein and what is the colour change?
Buiret and blue-purple
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What is the reagent used for Fat and what is the colour change?
Alchohol and water and clear-milky white emulsion
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What do we use to tet for vitamin C?
DCPIP
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How many teeth should an adult have?
32
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What are the 3 parts in the structure of the tooth?
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What is digestion?
Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown of insoluble food into small, soluble molecules so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream
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What is the production of energy?
Respiration
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5 steps of digestion?
- INGESTION
- DIGESTION
- ABSORPTION
- ASSIMILATION
- EGESTION
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What is Ingestion?
Taking food into the mouth where it is physically broken down to smaller lumps to be able to swallow it
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What is Digestion?
Digestion is the process of breaking down large insoluble food molecules to soluble molecules, this happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine
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What is Absorption?
The process by which the soluble products pass across the wall of the small intestine and into the blood
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What is Egestion?
Undigested food is eventually passed out of the body via the anus
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Label the diagram of Digestive system.
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What is it called when muscles push food down the oesophagus?
Peristalsis
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Why does the stomach lining produce hydrochloric acid?
Kills bacteria taken in with the food
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