Spinal Anatomy

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List the bony landmarks in the spine?
- T-2 = superior angle of scapula
- T-7 = inferior angle of scapula
- L-4 = top of iliac crest
Which muscles flex the vertebral column?
- RA
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
Which muscles extend the vertebral column?
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
- Multifidus
- Rotatores
- Semispinalis Capitus
- Spinalis
- QL
- Interspinalis
- Intertransversarii
- Latissimus Dorsi
Which muscles rotate the vertebral column?
- External oblique
- Internal oblique (same side)
- Multifidi
- Rotatores
Which muscles laterally flex the vertebral column?
- Iliocostalis
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- longissimus
- QL
- Psoas major
- Intertransversarii
- Spinalis
- Latissimus Dorsi
Which muscles are involved in inhalation?
- Scalenes
- Sternocleidomastoid
- External intercostals
- Serratus posterior superior
- Pec major
- Pec minor
- Serratus anterior
- subclavius
Which muscles are involved in exhalation?
- Internal intercostals
- Serratus posterior inferior
What are the three branches of the erector spinae group?
- spinalis
- longissimus
- iliocostalis
Where does spinalis lie?

Lamina groove of the spine.
Where do the tendons of iliocostalis extend?

Beneath the scapula
What are the erector spinae group deep to in the lumbar spine?

thoracolumbar aponeurosis
What are the erector spinae group deep to in the cervical and thoracic spine?
- trapezius
- rhomboids
- serratus posterior
What are the actions of the erector spinae group?
- uni - lateral flexion
- bi - extension
What is the origin and insertion of spinalis cervicis?
- O - ligamentum nuchae, C7 SP
- I - Cervicals SP (except C1)
What is the origin and insertion of spinalis thoracis?
- O - SP of upper lumbar and lower thoracic
- I - SP of upper thoracic
What is the origin and insertion of longissimus thoracis?
- O - common tendon
- I - thoracic TP and lower 9 ribs
What is the origin and insertion of longissimus cervicis?
- O - upper 5 thoracic TP
- I - cervical TP
What is the origin and insertion of longissumus capitis?
- O - upper 5 thoracic TP
- I - mastoid process of temporal bone
What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis lumborum?
- O - common tendon
- I - lumbar 1-3 TP and ribs 6-12 posterior surface
What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis thoracis?
- O - Ribs 1-12 posterior surface
- I - Ribs 1-6 posterior surface
What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis cervicis?
- O - Ribs 1-12 posterior surface
- I - Lower cervicals TP
What muscle group is deep to the erector spinae group?
- Transversospinalis group
- multifidi
- rotatores
- semispinalis
What are the actions of the transversospinalis group?
- Uni - rotate to the opposite side
- Bi - extension
Which nerve innervates mulitifidi and rotatores?

Spinal nn
What is the origin and insertion of Multifidi?
- O - sacrum and TPs
- I - SPs 2-4 vertebrae above
What is the origin and insertion of Rotatores?
- O - TPs
- I - SPs 1-2 vertebrae above
What is the action of semispinalis capitus?

Extends the head and vertebral column
Which nerve innervates semispinalis capitus?

Cervical nn
What is the origin and insertion of Semispinalis Capitis?
- O - TPs C4 - T5
- I - b/w superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput
Where are the multifidi directly accessible?
- lumbar spine
- only muscles with fibers lying across the sacrum posterior surface
What are the rotatares deep to?

Multifidi
When can semispinalis capitus be easily seen?

When the neck is extended against resistance
Which direction do splenii fibers run?

Obliquely
What is the splenius capitus deep to?
- Traps
- Rhomboids
Where are the splenius capitus fibers superficial?

Between traps and SCM
What is splenius cervicis deep to?

Splenius capitus
What are the actions of splenius capitus and cervicis?
- Uni - rotate to same side, lateral flexion
- Bi - extend head and neck
Which nerve innervates splenius capitus and cervicis?

Cervical nn
What is the origin and insertion of splenius capitis?
- O - inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae and SPs C7 - T4
- I - mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

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Spinal Anatomy

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Updated

2011-12-24T00:11:53Z

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