Pharmacology.txt

30mL

5mL

2.2 lb

2.5cm

unit

International Unit

daily

every other day

2

0.5

Morphine sulfate

magnesium sulfate

greater than

Less than

Write them in full.

False: Always use metric units.

At

mL

mcg or micrograms

Make it 1/2 strength with saline solution. One part peroxide 2 parts saline solution.

0.9%

• S
• NS
• NaCl

Its also called sodium chloride

• Lactated Ringers
• Ringers Lactated

• same as isotonic solution
• Also called sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride

5% dextrose in normal saline 0.9%

• 5% dextrose in 0.45% normal saline
• Hypotonic solution

5% Dextrose in 0.225% normal saline

Hypotonic solution

5% Dextrose with lactated ringers

40% because it can be dangerous even fatal, & person needs to be monitored

Primary or first IV

Administering meds

• 0.9% Normal Saline
• Because anything else will clot up the blood

• Serum concentrations for IV's
• They are measured in milliOsmols per Liter or mOsm/L

The same tonicity & osmolarity as blood and other body serum

Lower tonicity & osmolarity as blood & other body serum

More tonicity & osmolarity as blood & other body serum

Y type

Above the drip chamber. One spike is attached to the blood container and the other spike is attached to the normal saline

To dillute packed cells and to flush the IV tubing at the beginning & at the end of the transfusion

• 1am=0100 1pm=1300
• 2am=0200 2pm=1400
• 3am=0300 3pm=1500
• 4am=0400 4pm=1600
• 5am=0500 5pm=1700
• 6am=0600 6pm=1800
• 7am=0700 7pm=1900
• 8am=0800 8pm=2000
• 9am=0900 9pm=2100
• 10am=1000 10pm=2200
• 11am=1100 11pm=2300
• 12pm=1200 12am=0000

Refers to activities within the body after a drug is administered. These activities include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Another pharmacokinetic component is the half-life(a measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body)

the search for genetic variations associated with drug efficiency.

• Drugs needed to be taken on empty stomach are given 1 hr before or 2 hrs after a meal
• Drugs causing nausea,vomitting or epigastric distress are best given with food

• 1.Right patient
• 2.Right drug
• 3.Right dose
• 4.Right route
• 5.Right time
• 6.Right documentation

• Drugs that have a high potential for abuse and no acceptible medical use
• heroin mescaline
• LSD peyote
• Marijuana psilocybin
• methaqualone

Drugs with high potential for abuse but accepted medical use.High risk of physical and psychological dependance

• Opium,hydromorphone,
• morphine,methadone hydrochloride,
• hydromorphone hydrochloride,secobarbital,
• meperidine hydrochloride,pentobarbital,
• codeine,dextroamphetamine (phosphate or sulfate),
• oxycodone,cocaine,
• amphetamine (ADD/ADHD meds) (phosphate or sulfate)

Medically acceptable drugs that may cause dependency but are less prone to abuse than other schedules

paregoric,proxyphene,testosterone,ethylestrenol,butabarbital, acetaminophen with codeine

• Med. accep drugs that may cause mild phys & psych dep.
• phenobarbital,diazepam,oxazepam,flurazepam hydrochloride,chloral hydrate,fenfluramine hydrochloride,chlodiazepoxide,lorazepam,
• alprazolam,benzodiazepines,meprobamate,temazepam

Med. accep drugs with limited potential for causing mild phys or psych dependence.

• OTC cough medications with codeine
• antidiarrheal medications with paregoric
• Lomotil (diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine sulfate)

Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown an increased risk of fetal abnormalities to the fetus in any trimester of pregnancy.

• Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
• OR
• Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in prenant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

• Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
• OR
• No animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.

• Adequate well-controlled or observational studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus.
• However, the benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk. For example, the drug may be acceptable if needed in a life-threatening situation or serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective

Adequate well-controlled or observational studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks. The use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant.

• 0.9% Normal Saline
• 0.25% Isotonic solution
• 0.45% Hypotonic

gives the exact chemical makeup of the drug and placing of the atoms or molecular structure; the chemical name is not capitalized

name given to a drug before it becomes official; may be used in all countries, by all manufacturers; the generic name is not capitalized

Name listed in The United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary; may be the same as the generic name

Name that is registered by the manufacturer and is followed by the trademark symbol; the name can be used only by the manufacturuer; a drug may have several trade names, depending on the number of mufacturers; the first letter of the trade name is capitalized.

refers to the time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug

time between administration of the drug and onset of its therapeutic effect

When absorption rate equals the elimination rate (not always the time of peak response)

Length of time the drug produces a therapeutic effect

Volume/Time x Drop factor