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Neolithic
last half of the stone age; development of agriculture
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Civilization
when they settled down in one area
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Band
a level of organization consisting of 20-30 people who are herders
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cuneiform
system of writing with wedge shapes; with this you could organize more elaborate political systems
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Pastoralism
raising livestock;animal husbandry
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Catal Huyuk
located in turkey; advanced civilization
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Indus
river valley civilization; harappa and mohenjo daro
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Qin
after the Zhou dynasty all of china
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Shi Huangdi
Emperor of qin; brutal and mobilized the people of china
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Han dynasty
dynasty after qin where every thing improved like a golden age
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Mandate of Heaven
you have the right or mandate to rule
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dynastic cycle
cycle of dynasties due to the mandate
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Legalism
based upon laws; rewards and punishments
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confucius
founder of confucianism
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Daoism
laozi founder; based upon nature; good and evil must pick
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Scholar-gentry
higher class people who studied confucianism
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Aryans
nomadic war-like people; wrote the vedas which hinduism is based on
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Maurya Dynasty
founded by chandragupta mayura; statred as hindu ans converted by Ashoka to buddhism with religious freedom
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Ashoka
once very cruel leader of Mayura dynasty until he converted to buddhism; had tolerance
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Gupta
golden age of india; loosley ruled as long as taxes are paid
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Caste system
system of social inequality by the aryans (hindu)
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Reincarnation
Hinduist; souls dont die they are born into another form
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Minoans
located in crete, greece; advanced culture and sea trade; greater gender equality
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Myceneans
indo europeans that migrated from central asia; when dorians attacked they fled to turkey causing the loss of written kanguage for 300 years
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Mecca
birth place of Muhammad
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Medina
muhammad was exiled here; hijra
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Jerusalem
first crusade was here in 1099; muhammad ascended to heaven here
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Damascus
capital of ummayad caliphate
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Bagdad
capital of abbasid caliphate
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Malacca
key trade port; way islam spreads
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Mogadishu
influenced because of east coast trade
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Quaraysh
tribe of bedouins; muhammad is a descendant of this tribe
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Ka'Ba
big box shrine in mecca; pray towards this on hajj
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Rashidun
Guided ones; Ali is the last (4)
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5 pillars of islam
profession of faith, alms giving, pray five times a day, ramadan, pilgramage
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Sects of islam
sunni 83, shia 16, sufi 1
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ummayad caliphate
focused on expansion; isolated (shadows of god);discriminated malawis
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people of the book
Dhimmi; jew and christians
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mawali
non arab muslims; discriminated in ummayad but accepted in abbasid which is their reason for long rule
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Abbasid collapse
formation of regional dynasties and dimminishing power
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crusades
military expeditions lead by christians to capture back holy land from muslims
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saladin
muslim leader who reconquered all land from christians
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