Carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants are:
A.
Carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes, have been isolated, extracted or manufactured, and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans are:
A.
Plant cell walls contain:
A.
Whole grains and brans contain substantial quantities of _____.
B.
The structure of cellulose is:
A.
The structure of lignin is:
A.
Pectin is a water-soluble, gel-forming fiber that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas whose structure is:
B.
Gums are:
D.
The cholesterol-lowering beta-glucans are primarily found in:
C.
Fructans found in chicory, onions and Jerusalem artichokes:
C.
What type of resistant starch is purposely created by chemical modification of food starch such as cross-bonding?
D.
Soluble fibers:
A.
When fibers are non-fermentable, which of the following occurs?
D.
Which of the following high-fiber foods is least effective in lowering serum cholesterol?
A.
All of the following are fermentable EXCEPT _____.
B.
Acetate, butyrate and propionate are formed from fermentable fibers and are collectively called _____.
C.
Which diet factors are associated with a low risk of developing colorectal cancer?
D.
Which of the following is a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?
C.
Fiber lowers serum cholesterol concentrations by which of the following mechanisms?
D.
When fluid intake is adequate, which fiber is the most effective in increasing fecal bulk?
C.
Butyric acid is a volatile short-chain fatty acid said to have:
B.
Fermentation of fiber is considered to improve the proliferation of normal colon cells, thus inhibiting cancer, by increasing colon concentrations of _____.
A.
Adequate Intake (AI) levels for the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber established by the National Academy of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board is in the range of _____ .
B.
Physiological effects of gingko biloba include:
B.
Phytochemicals found mostly in soy beans and soy products are:
D.
Upon ingestion in foods, glycoside conjugates are metabolized to produce:
C.
Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates appear to have protective effects against cancer and are found in:
A.
Interactions have been reported between St. John's wort and:
B.
Standardization means that the herbal preparation as sold:
C.
Products that are regulated under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 include all of the following EXCEPT:
