Anatomy19

• Make up piping for blood flow
• Run through organs and tissues to supply nutrients and pick up wastes
• Arteries, capillaries, veins

Lumen

• Endothelium- simple squamos epithelium
• Subendothelial Layer- loose CT

• Smooth muscle (contraction=constriction)
• Elastin and collagen

• CT- collagen and elastic fibers
• Protection and strength

• Carry blood away from heart
• High pressure and flow vessels
• Deeper location than in veins
• More smooth muscle than veins
• Elastic, Muscular, and Arterioles

• Conducting Arteries
• Largest near heart
• Lots of elastin

• Supply organs, parts of organs, and groups of organs
• Thickest tunica media
• Smooth muscle in TM regulates flow

Contraction of smooth muscle

Relaxation of smooth muscle

• Internal Elastic Lumina
• Smooth muscle
• External elastic lumina

• Smallest arteries
• Diameter regulated by- Local factors and sympathetic NS activity

• Smallest vessels
• Single layer endothelial cells, surrounded by basement membrane

• Lungs- exchange gases (and oxidative tissues)
• Intestine- exchange digested nutrients
• Endocrine glands- release hormones
• Kidney- removes wastes

Network of body's smallest vessels

• Intermediate between arteriole and capillary
• Pre-capillary sphincters control flow

Gas and nutrient exchange

Intermediate between venule capillary

• Endothelial cells held together by tight junctions
• -continuous capillaries: do not have pores
• -fenestrated capillaries- have pores that span endothelial cells
• Diffusion through endothelial cell membranes and fenestrations= 2-4 routes of permeability

• Take blood TOWARD the heart
• Low pressure vessels
• Superfical location
• Less smooth muscle
• Thinner walls than arteries
• Venules, veins

• Valves- blood flow toward heart pushes cucps apart,, and backflow pushes cusps together
• Body movements- swinging the body moves blood
• Venous Vasoconstriction- possible, but not same as in arteries

• Where vessels unite or interconnect
• Arterial anastomoses provide collateral channels
• Venous anastomoses more abundant

• Little vessels that supply larger arteries and veins with nutrients
• Feeds outer half of vessel- in tunica externa
• Small vessels get full supply from luminal blood

• Pulmonary trunk- artery that takes blood to the lungs, branches into R and L pulmonary arteries
• Each pulmonary artery branches into lobar arteries, then smaller and smaller until capillaries

• Ascending- R and L coronary arteries
• Arch- Brachiocepalic trunk
• -Right common carotid
• -Right subclavian
• Leftcommon carotid, left subclavian
• Descending- Thoracic aorta, Abdominal aorta
• -Right common iliac
• -Left common iliac

• Subclavian- underlies clavicle
• Axillary- supplies breast, shoulder, scapular areas
• Brachial- Supplies ant/post arm muscles
• Radial- Supplies lateral forearm
• Ulnar- supplies medial forearm
• Palmar Arches- supplies hand

• Common iliac arteries
• Internal iliac Artery- supplies pelvic region
• External illiac artery- goes to lower limb
• Femoral Artery- supplies thigh muscle
• Popliteal Artery- supplies knee
• Anterior Tibial Artery- supplies crural region
• Posterior Tibial Artery- supplies sural region

• Differences in Artery and Vein distribution
• -1 artery leaves, 3 veins enter RA
• -Arteries deep, veins superficial
• -Several parallel veins, not 1 large
• -2 venous drains- Dural Sinuses, Hepatic Portal System

• Superior Vena Cava- Receives blood from body regions superior to diaphragm, L and R Brachiocephalic veins
• Brachiocephalic Veins- formed by internal jugular and subclavian
• Internal Jugular- blood from dural sinuses
• Subclavian- blood from upper limb
• External Jugular- blood from scalp and parts of face

• Coronary Sinus- Drains blood that supplies heart muscle
• Inferior Vena Cava- returns blood from areas inferior to diaphragm
• Common iliac veins- returns blood from lower limbs

• Palmar Arches- receive blood from hand
• Radial Vein
• Ulnar Vein
• Brachial Vein
• Axillary Vein
• Cephalic vein- joins axillary vein
• Basilic vein- joins brachial vein at start of axillary
• Subclavian vein

• Anterior tibial vein- from dorsalis pedis
• Posterior Tibial Vein- from plantar arch
• Popliteal vein
• Femoral Vein
• External iliac vein
• Internal iliac vein
• Common iliac vein- empties into inferior vena cava
• Great Saphenous vein- empties into femoral vein from medial lower leg

Blood pooling in veins of anal canal

Clot formation in vein of lower extremity which travels and blocks flow in another vessel

• Faulty venous valves cause blood pooling
• Common in obesity and pregnancy

• Saclike widening of a vessel increasing risk of rupture
• Very dangerous in brain

Pathological thickening and loss of elasticity

• Occurs with age
• Smooth muscle and elastin replaces with fibrous tissue

• Occurs in tunica media
• Initially cause by LDL into intimal layer which eventually causes plaque formation
• Thrombosis forms and can blockk arteries
• Low fat diet and exercise