Medications.txt

• author "me"
• tags ""
• description ""
• fileName "Medications"
• freezingBlueDBID -1.0
• AntiBacterial Drugs Categories and Prototypes
• Penicillans:Prototype Penicillin G
• Cephalosporins: prototype cefazolin (Kefzol)
• Fluoroquinolones: protype ciprofloxin (Cipro)
• Macrolides: prototype erythromycin
• Lincosamides: prototype clindamycin
• Aminoglycosides: prototype gentamycin
• Miscellaneous antimicrobials
• Antituberculars: prototype isoniazid

They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. For treating strep, staph, peumococcal, fusospirochetal infections, syphilus, gonorrhea, meningococci infections. DOES NOT CROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER WELL.

May be given P.O, I.M, I.V. For IV, penicillin V is more stable-keep refrigerated. P.O should be taken on an empty stomach-take with food if upset occurs

**allergies**, GI upset, diarrhea, superinfections (usually yeast) , thrombocytepenia, nephritis

allergies, renal disease, pregnancy, lactation

• May inactivate parenteral aminoglycosides - ** 2Hour BTW Penicillan and this Medications**
• Oral probenecid slows excretion of the drug and increases penicilli levels for greater effect
• May inactivate oral contraceptives. Women should use a backup method during therapy.

bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Interferes with the ability of the bacteria to build cell walls when they are dividing. Treats respiratory infections, sinus, ear, GI, skin, bone, heart,and blood infections. **Similar in chemical structure to PENICILLINS**

May be given P.O, IM or IV

Allergies, serun sickness, GI ( nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), headache, dizziness, lethargy, parasthesias, phlebitis, (IV), nephrotoxicity,

5% risk of allergic cross-sensitivity w/ penicillin * use with caution*, pregnant woman or lactating woman, renal failure patients?

Avoid alocohol for 72 hours after finishing this drug (may cause flushing, SOB, chest palpitations). May increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when given with AMINOGLYCOSIDES. May increase bleeding in patients taking Coumadin. May cause false + in urine sugar tests.

Bacteriocidal; inhibits DNA replication. Selective toxicity: does not effect human cells. Does not cross blood-brain barrier. Most active against aerobic gram negative bacteria such as e.coli and aerobic gram positive organism and sexually transmitted diseases.

Oral or I.V. Excreted in urine and feces.

**tendon rupture** esp. Achilles tendon, shoulder, hands. **photosensitivity**, nephritis, rash, fever, eosinophelia, occassionally palpitions, and arrhythmias, GI upset, headache and restlesness

Colitis, renal, or hepatic disease, dehydration, pregnant, lactating, or allergic patients

• Sakts (aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc) will bind with CIPRO. Avoid foods and meds containing these substances.
• May cause theophylline toxicity
• Caffeine may interrupt action of CIPRO
• Decreases vitamin absorption

Bacteriostic and bacteriocidal. Enters cell wall and binds to ribosomes, prevents bacterial reproduction and weakens cell wall. Often given with synergistics antibotics to increase effectiveness or alter cell wall so aminoglycoside can enter. Severe infections including UTI's GYN, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, sepsis, respiratory infections with cystic fibrosis, osteomyelitis, diabetic foot infections

IV, may be IM. No PO form

• *Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), neuromuscular blockade *- Toxicity occurs frequently, PEAK (w/n 30 mins-1hour) and Trough (30 mins b4 dose is given) should be dont q3days
• May induce confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, tingling, weakness.
• Leukemoid reaction and depressed bone marrow may occur
• May induce h, hypo or hypotension
• GI Symptoms : hepotoxicity, nausea, diarrhea

• allergy, pregnancy, lactation
• Cautious use in an or hepatic disease (Elderly gets a lesser dose), dehydration, pre-existing hearing loss, myasthenia gravis, parkinsons,infant botulism
• Do not mix with other ototoxic drugs (vanco, lasix, aspirin, acyclovir, amphotericin B, cisplatin
• May interact with Anasthetics
• **Adminster gentamycin and and extended penicillins such as carbenicillin or ticarcillin at least 2 HOURS APART

• Neomycin : used topically and as a GI disinfectant
• Streptomycin : to treat TB
• Paromycin:used orally to decrease ammonia-forming bacteria in hepatic coma

**Specific for Legionnaire's Disease (Really bad Pneumonia)** Good alt. to Penicillins. Gram + organisms, penumonias, chlamydia, Lyme Disease and some parasites

PO or IV, ocular. * Very irritating to the vein-causes Phlebitis-usually given over 2 HOURS or in a Central Vein

allergies, pseudomembranous colitis, prolonged QT interval and ventricular tachycardia, **tinnitus and reversable hearing loss**

• Allergies. pregnancy and lactation
• Impaired hearing, impaired hepatic or biliary function, GI disease, cardiac arrythmias.
• Not for use on viral, fungal, or mycobacterial infections of the eye

suppresses protein synthesis. Useful against a wide range of aerobic gram + cocci, stre, staph, pneumococci. Also used topically to treat acne. CROSSES BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

oral, IM, IV, topical

allergies, pregnancy, lactation

• GI-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, colitis, psudomembranous colitis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, allergies
• Interactions- neuromuscualar blocker. Topical applications may have cumulative effects with other topicals, leading to peeling and drying of skin

Crosses the blood brain barrier. Semi-Synthetic. Effective for Rickettsiae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, H. Influenza, pastuerella, E.coli, Klebsiella, Staph areus, acne, chlamydia and as an opthalmic drug

No longer avaiable IM or IV. ONLY PO and opthalmic

**GI upset, photosensitivity**, allergies, hepatic toxicity and fatty liver, HIGH potential for superinfections, hemolytic anemia and bone marrow depression.

• allergies, pregnancy, lactation, **CHILDREN under 8 - causes white spots on the teeth**, hepatic and renal dysfunction
• Interactions--decreases effectiveness of penicillin G and oral contraceptives. Not absorbed with dairy foods, antacids