-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
peritoneum
two layer membrane that encases the viscera in the abdominopelvic cavity
-
-
pleura
two layer membrane that encases the viscera in the thoracic cavity
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
tissues
groups of like cells that work together
-
organs
groups of tissues that perform similar functions
-
body system
collections or organs working together
-
3 parts of a cell:
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
-
cell membrane
outtermost layer of a cell
-
cytoplasm
watery internal environment of a cell
-
cell nucleus
part of the cell that holds the DNA
-
4 types of tissue in the human body:
- muscle
- epithelial
- connective
- nervous
-
4 types of muscle tissue
- cardiac muscle
- muscle fibers (individual muscle cells)
- skeletal muscle (attached to bone)
- smooth muscle (internal organs)
-
function of muscle tissue:
produces movement through contraction
-
epithelium
close packed cells that form the lingings and coverings of body structures.
outermost layer of skin
-
epithelial tissue can be specialized to:
- absorb substances
- secrete substances
- excrete wastes
-
connective tissue
the supporting and protecting tissue in body structures
-
bone
connective tissue that provides structural support for the whole body
-
cartilage
connective tissue that is the shock absorber in joints
-
tendons
connective tissue that tightly connects skeletal muscle to bone
-
adipose
connective tissue that provides protective padding around structures
-
neurons
cells that make up nervous tissue
-
nervous tissue forms:
- the brain
- the spinal cord
- nerves
-
anatomical position
standing erect, arms at sides, palms and eyes forward
-
sagital/median plane
- vertical plane that runs lengthwise from front to back
- divides body (or parts) into L and R sides
-
frontal/coronal plane
vertical lengthwise plane that divides into front and back
-
transverse plane
horizontal plane that runs parallel to the ground
-
-
-
-
-
-
brachial regions
- upper extremities (arms)
- abbrv: UE
-
crural regions
- lower extremities (legs)
- abbrv: LE
-
8 body cavities
- abdominal
- abdominopelvic
- cranial
- pelvic
- pericardial
- pleural
- spinal
- thoracic
-
2 dorsal cavities
- cranial (contains brain)
- spinal (spinal cord)
-
2 ventral (frontal) cavities
-
the thoracic cavity can be sub-divided into these 3 'sub' cavities:
- pleural cavity (lungs)
- pericardial cavity (heart)
- mediastinum
-
mediastinum:
contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, aorta
-
diaphragm
muscle used for breathing that creates a wall between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
-
organs of these systems are located within the abdominopelvic cavities
- digestive
- excretory
- reproductive
-
The organs within the ventral cavities are referred to as:
-
outer layer of pleura or peritoneum that lines cavities
parietal layer
-
inner layer of the pleura or peritoneum that encases the viscera
visceral layer
-
The thoracic cavity is divided into the:
- pleural cavity
- pericardial cavity
-
pericardial cavity contains:
heart
-
pleural cavity contains:
lungs
-
superior or cephalic
directional term indicating location more toward the head or above another structure
-
inferior or caudal
directional term indicating location more toward feet or tail, or below another structure
-
anterior or ventral
directional term indicating location more toward the front/belly side
-
posterior or dorsal
directional term indicating location more toward the back or spine
-
medial
directional term indicating location in or near the middle of the body or structure
-
lateral
directional term indicating location at the side
-
proximal
directional term indicating location more toward the point of attachment to th body
-
distal
located farther away from the point of attachment to the body
-
apex
tip or summit of an organ
-
base
lower or bottom part of an organ
-
superficial
more toward surface of body
-
supine
body lying horizontally, face up
-
prone
body is face down, horizontal
|
|
