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Cognitive Abilities
the capacity to reason, remember, understand, solve problems, and make decisions
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intelligence
those attributes that center around skill at information processing, and problem solving, and adapting to new or changing situations
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Stanford Binet
A test for determining a person's intellgence quotient, or IQ
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IQ test
a test designed to measure intelligence on an objectives, standardized scale
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Intelligence quotient
an index of intelligence that reflects the degree to which a person's score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score of others in the same age group
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aptitude test
a test designed to measure a person's capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks
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achievement test
a measure of what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area
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test
a systematic procedure for observing behavior in a standard situation and describing it with the help pf a numerical scale or a category system
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norm
a description of the frequency at which particular scores occur, allowing scores to be compared statistically
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reliability
the degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results
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validity
the degree to which test scores are interpreted correctly and used appropriately
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psychometric approach
a way of studying intelligence that emphasizes analysis of the product of intelligence, especially scores on intelligence tests
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g
a general intelligence factor that Charles Spearman postulated as accounting for positive correlations between people's scores on all sons of cognitive ability tests
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s
a group of special abilities that charles Spearman saw as accompaanying gernal intellignece (g)
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fluid intelligence
the basic power of reasoning and problem solving
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crystallized intelligence
the specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence
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information-processing approach
an approach to the study of intelligence that focuses on mental operations, such as attention and memory, that underlie intelligent behavior
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triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg's theory that describes intelligence as having analytic, creative, and practical dimensions
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multiple intelligences
eight semiindependent kinds of intelligence postulated by Howard Gardner
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creativity
the capacity to produce new, high-quality ideas or products
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divergent thinking
the ability to think along many alternatives paths to generate many different solutions to a problems
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convergent thinking
the ability to apply logic and knowledge to narrow down the number of possible solutions to a problem or perform some other complex cognitive task
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metacognition
the knowledge of what strategies to apply, when to apply them, and how to use them in new situations
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