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rock that forms when molten material cools and solidifies either inside Earth or at the surface
igneous
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a mixture of molten rock and gases, including water vapor, which forms underground
magma
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magma that flows out of volcanos
lava
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small, solid pieces of material that comes from rock or living organisms
sediment
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rock that forms over time as a sediment is squeezed and cemented together
sedimentary rock
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sedimentary rock that form fromt eh broken fragments of other rocks are called
clastic rocks
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form when minerals preceipitate out of solution
chemical rock
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marine life extract calcium carbonate from ocean water to form their shells and skeletons, this process is a form of
organic rock
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most common sedimentary rock
organic limestone
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clastic rocks are classified mainly based upon the ________
average size of the fragments that they contain
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what does the process of weathering break down?
- rock at Earth's surface, turning it into smaller pieces.
- ex. wind rain ice
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sedimentary; contains clay particles (compressed and sometimes cementer) clastic
shale
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light color; felsic; coarse texture; intrusive; igneous
granite
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metamorphic; foliated; microscopic mica grains; regional
slate
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mostly carbon from plants of million of years ago; black, crumbly, low density; found between layers of sediment; organic; sedimentary
coal
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metamorphic; foliated (medium) mica grains; quartz; regional
schist
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metamorphic; foliated (thick) contains feldspar, mica, quartz; light and dark colored bands; regional
gneiss
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non-foliated; calcium carbonate; high density; highly crystalline; metamorphic; regional or contact
marble
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sedimentary; contains calcite; some clay; may contain fossils; chemical
limestone
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igneous; dark color; mafic; fine texture; extrusive
basalt
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sedimentary; composed mostly of sand grains (quartz) cemented together w/ iron oxide; stratification; porous; clastic
sandstone
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intense heat and pressure ctreated over large areas during montain building
regional
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intense heat from magma "bakes" surrounding rock, limited to ~ .6 mi.
contact
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rock that hasbeen changed by temperature, pressure, or reactions with hot water
metamorphic
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forms when a rock is transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions; form under high temperatures and pressures deep underground
metamorphic rock
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crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands
foliated rocks
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series of processes in which rocks continuously change from one type to another
rock cycle
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mineral that fractures; hardest common mineral, continental rock contain
quartz
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mineral with 2-way cleavage at 90 degrees; most common mineral in Earth's crust
feldspar
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1-way cleavage, peels off thin elastic sheets, common in granite
mica
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softest mineral on Moh's scale
talc
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3 on Moh's scale, 3-way not 90o; reacts to acid
calcite
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hardest mineral on Moh's scale
diamond
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