-
What are the two main branches of science?
natural and social
-
What are the main branches of natural science?
life, physical, and earth science
-
What is technology?
applied science
-
What is a scientific theory?
An explanation the has been tested by many observations
-
What is a scientific model?
A representation of a real event or object
-
When can scientific theories be changed or replaced?
when new discoveries are made
-
Scientists use computer models to study complicated events and to
make predictions
-
What is a series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem?
scientific method
-
What is the first step in the scientific method?
making a observation
-
How do scientists test a hypothesis?
doing experiments
-
What does it mean to say the "no experiment is a failure"?
All experiments are observations of real events
-
What is the SI unit for measuring temperature?
kelvin
-
What SI prefix means one million?
mega-
-
What SI prefix means one one-hundredth (1/100)?
centi-
-
Maria is 123 centimeters tall. What is her height in meters?
1.23 meters
-
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
-
What is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances?
an element
-
What is the smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance?
a molecule
-
A molecule of water (H2O) is made from _____ combining two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
chemically
-
You put 1 gram of salt into 1 liter of water and stir. What is the resulting liquid an example of?
a homogeneous mixture
-
The chemical symbol for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. How many atoms are contained in each molecule of sulfuric acid?
7
-
How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of table sugar (C12H22O11)?
11
-
The chemical formula for water, H2O, means that each water molecule contains
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
-
What state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
solid
-
A liquid changes rapidly into a gas at the liquid's
boiling point.
-
Which of the following is not an example of a physical property?
a) freezing point c) reactivity
b) boiling point d) density
c) reactivity
-
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A) dissolving salt in water
-
Which of the following is an example of chemical change?
C) grilling a burger
-
Which of the following is an example of chemical change?
A) paint fading
-
When water is broken down, what happens to the oxygen and hydrogen atoms it is made of?
They are rearranged to form hydrogen and oxygen gas
-
Temperature is a measure of the average _____ energy of the particles in the object.
kinetic
-
What is the process of a liquid becoming a gas?
evaporation
-
What is the only state of matter that is not a fluid?
solid
-
What state of matter has a definite volume, but not shape?
liquid
-
The heavier a particle, the ____ it moves.
slower
-
What determines the speed of the atoms and molecules of a particular substance?
size of the atoms and molecules and temperature of the substance
-
Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an ______ is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of fluid.
object in the fluid
-
Pascal's principle states that a fluid in equilibrium enclosed by a vessel exerts pressure ______.
equally in all directions
-
What is the resistance of a fluid to flow?
viscosity
-
The kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the
particles that make up a substance move.
-
What is the change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas?
sublimation
-
What is the law of conservation of mass?
mass cannot be created or destroyed
-
Why does ice float in water?
it is less dense than water
-
Boyle's law relates the pressure of a gas to its
volume
-
When a fixed sample of gas increases in volume, it must also
decrease in pressure OR increase in temperature
-
Charles's law relates the volume of a gas to its
temperature
-
Gay-Lussac's law relates the temperature of a gas to its
pressure.
-
Pressure is calculated by dividing force by the _____ over which the force is exerted.
area
-
Bernoulli's principle describes the property of a
fluid in motion.
-
Buoyant force is the _____ force exerted on an object immersed or floating on a liquid.
upward
-
As the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume decreases, its pressure
decreases.
-
As the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature decreases, its pressure
increases.
-
Dalton's atomic theory stated that every element was made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, and
atoms can join to form molecules.
-
Why was Dalton's atomic theory accepted?
there was evidence to support it.
-
Which statement is true according to Dalton's theory?
C) Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.
-
Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct?
A) The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.
-
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
-
Why do atoms have no electric charge?
they have an equal number of electrons and protons
-
According to Bohr's model of the atom, electrons behave like
planets orbiting the sun.
-
According to Bohr's theory, an electron's path around the nucleus defines its
energy level.
-
According to modern atomic theory, it is nearly impossible to determine an electron's exact
position.
-
What is the order of elements in the periodic table based on?
the number of protons in the nucleus
-
Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of
valence electrons.
-
Valence electrons determine an atom's
chemical properties.
-
Ionization refers to the process of
losing or gaining electrons.
-
Why is a lithium ion much less reactive than a lithium atom?
it has a full outermost energy level
-
Oxygen's atomic number is 8. This means that an oxygen atom has
eight protons in its nucleus.
-
An atom's mass number equals the number of
protons plus the number of neutrons.
-
Which statement about an element's average atomic mass number is correct?
B) It is a weighted average, so common isotopes have a greater effect than uncommon ones.
-
What is an atomic mass unit equal to?
one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
-
Which statement about the alkali metals is correct?
C) They are located in the left-most column of the periodic table.
-
Which statement about noble gases is correct?
B) They exist as single atoms rather than as molecules.
-
Semiconductors are elements that
can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions.
-
Most halogens form compounds by
gaining an electron to form a negative ion.
-
Why are Group 18 noble gases inert?
their outermost energy level is full.
-
Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which are of the periodic table?
on the right side
-
How do transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds?
by losing electrons to form positive ions
-
A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
amount of a substance.
-
If the atomic mass of carbon is 12 amu, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of
12 grams
-
Avogadro's constant is defined as the number of particles in
one mole of a pure substance.
-
What is molar mass?
the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
-
The average atomic mass of potassium is approximately 39 amu. What is the mass of 2.0 mol of potassium?
78 grams
-
You have 6.50 mol of chromium, which has a molar mass of approximately 52 g/mol. What is the mass in grams of this amount of chromium?
338 grams
-
You have 85.5 g of fluorine, which has a molar mass of approximately 19 g/mol. How many moles of fluorine do you have?
4.5 mol
-
What are the forces that hold different atoms or ions together?
chemical bonds
-
A mixture is different from a compound because each substance in a mixture
retains its own properties.
-
A compound differs from a mixture because it
always contains the same elements in the same proportion.
-
Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and
one atom of chlorine.
-
Each molecule of table sugar, C12H22O11, contains
12 atoms of carbon.
-
Why do gases take up a lot of space?
their molecules have very little attraction for one another.
-
Often atoms join so that each atom will have
an outermost energy level that is full of electrons.
-
An ionic bond forms between
ions with opposite charges.
-
Covalent bonds form between
nonmetal atoms.
-
In a metallic bond, the nucleus of one atom is attracted by a nearby atom's
electrons.
-
Copper is a good conductor of electricity because its electrons
are free to move from atom to atom.
-
In which type of bond do atoms share electrons?
Covalent bonds
-
The anion formed from an oxygen atom is called an
oxide ion.
-
The name dinitrogen tetroxide tells you that this compound contains
two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms.
-
When copper combines with oxygen to form copper (II) oxide, the charge of the copper ion is
Cu2+
-
The name for the compound with the formula Cr2O3 would be written as
chromium (III) oxide.
-
It is possible for different covalent compounds to have the same empirical formula because empirical formulas represent
a ratio of atoms in the compound.
-
A carbon atom can bond to four other atoms because it has
four valence electrons.
-
What is the simplest organic compound?
methane
-
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain
single covalent bonds only.
-
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain
carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
-
Polymers are large organic molecules that are made of
repeating units.
-
Which compounds have carbon-carbon double bonds?
alkenes
-
The "rings" of the DNA "ladder" are made up of
paired monomers.
-
Some polymers are elastic because they are made of
cross-linked chains.
|
|
