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1. What word means the scientific study of behavior and mental processes?
PSYCHOLOGY
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2.What are the four goals of psychology?
DESCRIBEEXPLAIN PREDICTINFLUENCE
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3.What word means an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research?
HYPOTHESIS
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4.What word means a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study?
THEORY
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5. What term means the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake?
BASIC SCIENCE
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6. What term means discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals?
APPLIED SCIENCE
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7. What term means a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized?
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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8. Who set up the first psychology laboratory?
WILHELM WUNDT
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9. What year did Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychology laboratory?
1879
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10. Where did Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychology laboratory?
LEIPZIG, GERMANY
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11. What research procedure did Wilhelm Wundt follow?
INTROSPECTION
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12. Who said that criminal behavior is a direct result of the shape of a person�s head?
MARMADUKE B. SAMPSON
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13. What is the practice of examining bumps on a person�s skull to determine that person�s intellect and character traits?
PHRENOLOGY
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14. What is the name of the French philosopher who said the mind and body influence each other?
RENE DESCARTES
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15. Which approach to psychology did Wilhelm Wundt advocate?
STRUCTURALISM
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16. The first ever psychology class was taught at Harvard in 1875 by whom?
WILLIAM JAMES
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17. Who wrote the first psychology textbook?
WILLIAM JAMES
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18. Which approach to psychology did William James advocate?
FUNCTIONALISM
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19.What is the name of the 19th century English scientist who was the cousin of Charles Darwin and who believed in eugenics?
SIR FRANCIS GALTON
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20. What is the German word for whole pattern?
GESTALT
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21.Who are the 3 founders of Gestalt Psychology?
MAX WERTHEIMER WOLFGANG KOHLER KURT KOFFKA
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22.Please name the 6 Contemporary Approaches to Psychology.
BEHAVIOISMHUMANISM BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOANALYTIC COGNITIVESOCIAL
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23.Who established the Psychoanalytic Approach?
SIGMUND FREUD
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24. Who are the three great Behavioral Psychologists?
IVAN PAVLOV JOHN B. WATSON BF SKINNER
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25. Who are the three great Humanistic Psychologists?
ABRAHAM MASLOW CARL ROGERS ROLLO MAY
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26. Who are the three great Cognitive Psychologists?
JEAN PIAGET NOAM CHOMSKY LEON FESTINGER
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27. What five machines are used to study the brain?
EEG CT scan PET scan MRI/fMRI MEG/MSI
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28. Who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
MARY WHITON CALKINS
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29. What does APA stand for?
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
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30. Who wrote the book The Principles of Psychology?
WILLIAM JAMES
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31. Who wrote the book Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development?
SIR FRANCIS GALTON
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32. Who wrote the book Walden II?
BF SKINNER
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33. Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by unconscious ideas?
PSYCHOANALYTIC
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34. Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by rewards and punishments?
BEHAVIORISM
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35. Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by self-directed choices?
HUMANISM
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36. Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by how people remember and think?
COGNITIVE
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37. Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by the nervous system?
BIOLOGICAL
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38. Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by ethnicity, gender and economic status?
SOCIAL
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39. Name the two ancient Greek philosophers who developed the Four Humor Theory.
HIPPOCRATES AND GALEN
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40. Which branch of medicine deals with mental, emotional or behavioral disorders?
PSYCHIATRY
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41. Which kind of psychologist diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances?
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST
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42. Which kind of psychologist studies how people change as they mature?
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST
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43. What does RET stand for?
RATIONAL EMOTIVE THERAPY
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44. What does CBT stand for?
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
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45. What is the opposite of Free Will?
DETERMINISM
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46. What word means the process of drilling a hole in a skull?
TREPHINATION
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47. Who believed in Dualism?
RENE DESCARTES
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48. Who believed in Empiricism?
JOHN LOCKE
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49. What does tabula rasa mean?
BLANK SLATE
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50. Who said, �Cogito ergo sum.�
RENE DESCARTES
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51. What word refers to the small group of people out of a total population being studied?
SAMPLE
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52. One way to avoid a non-representative sample is to give each individual an equal chance of being represented. What is this called?
RANDOM SAMPLING
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53. What term refers to subgroups in the population being proportionately represented in the sample?
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
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54. Research method in which the psychologist observes a subject in a natural setting without interfering.
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
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55. Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants.
CASE STUDY
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56. Research method in which data is collected about a sample over a number of years.
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
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57. Research method in which data is collected from people of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age.
CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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58. Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions.
SURVEY
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59. The measure of a relationship between two variables.
CORRELATION
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60. Any factor that is capable of change.
VARIABLE
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61. What kind of correlation exists when both variables move in the same direction?
POSITIVE CORRELATION
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62.What kind of correlation exists when both variables move in opposite directions?
NEGATIVE CORRELATION
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63. What is the only kind of research method which establishes a cause and effect relationship between two variables?
EXPERIMENT
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64. In an experiment, which group receives the independent variable?
EXPERIEMENTAL GROUP
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65. In an experiment, which group does not receive the independent variable?
CONTROL GROUP
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66. What is an experiment called in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment?
SINGLE-BLIND EXPERIEMENT
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67. What is an experiment called in which both the participants and the experimenter are unaware of which participants received the treatment?
DOUBLE-BLIND EXPERIEMENT
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68. What are the two kinds of statistics?
DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL
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69. What are the three measures of central tendency?
MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE
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70. What are two other terms for a normal curve?
BELL SHAPED CURVE AND SYMMETRICAL CURVE
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71. What percentage of the population falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean?
68%
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72. What percentage of the population falls within 2 standard deviation of the mean?
95%
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73. What percentage of the population falls within 3 standard deviation of the mean?
99%
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74. How do you calculate standard deviation?
SQUARE ROOT OF THE VARIANCE
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75. How do you calculate variance?
SQUARE OF SD
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76. What is the symbol for the Pearson correlation coefficient?
r
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77. What numbers represent a perfect correlation?
+1 AND -1
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78. What number represents no correlation?
0
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79. If the probability that results are due to chance is less than 5%, then the results are considered what?
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT
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80. Who conducted the conformity experiment?
SOLOMON ASCH
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81. Who conducted the obedience to authority experiment?
STANLEY MILGRAM
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82.Who conducted the Stanford Prison experiment?
PHILIP ZIMBARDO
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83.An inclination to over attribute others� behavior to internal causes and to discount situational factors
.FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
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84.Tendency to view one�s successes as stemming from internal factors and one�s failures as stemming from external factors.
SELF-SERVING BIAS
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85. An increase in performance in front of a crowd.
SOCIAL FACILITATION
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86. A decrease in performance in front of a crowd.
SOCIAL INHIBITION
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87. Theory that discussion reinforces the majority�s point of view and shifts opinions to more extreme positions.
GROUP POLARIZATION
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88. Poor group decision making that occurs because a group emphasizes unity over critical thinking.
GROUPTHINK
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89. Method of gaining compliance by getting a person to agree to a relatively minor request first.
FOOT-IN-THE-DOOR TECHNIQUE
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90. Method of gaining compliance by first making an outrageous request and then replying to the refusal with a more reasonable request.
DOOR-IN-THE-FACE TECHNIQUE
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91. Unselfishly helping others for reasons other than rewards.
ALTRUISM
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92. When the presence of others lessens an individual�s feelings of responsibility for his or her actions.
DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
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93. Tendency of a person to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
BYSTANDER EFFECT
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94. Tendency for people to work less hard when sharing the workload than when they are working alone.
SOCIAL LOAFING
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95. Individuals behave irrationally when there is less chance of being personally identified.
DEINDIVIDUATION
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96. State of unpleasant psychological tension that arises when a person experiences contradictory thoughts or beliefs.
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
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97. The need to rationalize one�s attitude and behavior.
SELF-JUSTIFICATION
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98. Change in attitude opposite to the one desired by the persuader.
BOOMERANG EFFECT
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99. The delayed impact on attitude change of a persuasive communication.
SLEEPER EFFECT
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100. Method of developing resistance to persuasion by exposing a person to arguments that challenge his or her beliefs so that he or she can practice defending them.
INOCULATION EFFECT
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1. The internally programmed growth of a child.
MATURATION
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2. What reflex occurs as a clinging response to a touch
- on the palm of a baby�s hand?
- GRASPING REFLEX
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3. What reflex occurs when touching occurs anywhere around a baby�s mouth?
ROOTING REFLEX
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4. What reflex occurs when anything touches a baby�s lips?
SUCKING REFLEX
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5. What reflex occurs when the foot is stroked and the toes spread?
BABINSKI REFLEX
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6. What reflex occurs when a baby flings his or her limbs out after being startled?
MORO REFLEX
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7. Who established the Psychosexual Theory of Development?
SIGMUND FREUD
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8. Who established the Psychosocial Theory of Development?
ERIK ERIKSON
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9. Who established the Cognitive Theory of Development?
JEAN PIAGET
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10. Who established the Moral Theory of Development?
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
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11. Name the researcher who discovered geese form a rapid attachment to their mother called imprinting.
KONRAD LORENZ
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12. Name the researcher who studied the relationship between mother and child in rhesus monkeys.
HARRY HARLOW
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13. Name the researcher who studied attachment in families.
MARY AINSWORTH
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14. What term is defined as an inherited tendency of some newborn animals to follow the first moving object they see?
IMPRINTING
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15. What term is defined as a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned?
CRITICAL PERIOD
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16. Harry Harlow discovered that touching causes baby monkeys to form attachments with their mothers. What is this called?
CONTACT COMFORT TACTILE TOUCH
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17. Name the four kinds of attachments.
SECURE AVOIDANT RESISTANT DISORGANIZED
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18. A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world.
SCHEMA
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19. The process of fitting objects and experiences into one�s schemas.
ASSIMILATION
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20. The adjustment of one�s schemas to include newly observed events and experiences.
ACCOMMODATION
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21. What term is defined as the awareness that objects exist even when they cannot be perceived?
OBJECT PERMANENCE
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22. What term refers to the intellectual ability of a child to picture something in their mind?
REPRESENTATIONAL THOUGHT
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23. What term is defined as the principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance changes?
CONSERVATION
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24. What term refers to a young child�s inability to understand another person�s perspective?
EGOCENTRIC
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25. Which parenting style allows the child to participate in decision making?
DEMOCRATIC
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26. Which parenting style is characterized by parents giving in to their child�s demands?
PERMISSIVE
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27. What kind of parents believe they do not have to explain their actions or demands?
AUTHORITARIAN
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28. What causes infants to quietly and mysteriously die in their sleep?
SIDS (SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME)
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29. What is the process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks called?
SUBLIMATION
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30. What is the process by which a child adopts the values of the same sex parent?
IDENTIFICATION
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31. What is the process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual is born and lives called?
SOCIALIZATION
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32. Name the first stage of Cognitive development.
SENSORIMOTOR
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33. Name the second stage of Cognitive development.
PRE-OPERATIONAL
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34. Name the third stage of Cognitive development.
CONCRETE OPERATIONS
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35. Name the fourth stage of Cognitive development.
FORMAL OPERATIONS
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36. A 1 year old would be in what stage of Psychosexual development?
ORAL
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37. A 2 year old would be in what stage of Psychosexual development?
ANAL
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38. A 5 year old would be in what stage of Psychosexual development?
PHALLIC
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39. An 8 year old would be in what stage of Psychosexual development?
LATENCY
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40. A 15 year old would be in what stage of Psychosexual development?
GENITAL
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41. Stage 1: Trust vs. ___
MISTRUST
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42. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. ___
SHAME AND DOUBT
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43. Stage 3: Initiative vs. ___
GUILT
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44. Stage 4: Industry vs. ___
INFERIORITY
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45. Stage 5: Identity vs. ___
ROLE CONFUSION
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46. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. ___
ISOLATION
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47. Stage 7: Generativity vs. ___
STAGNATION
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48. Stage 8: Integrity vs. ___
DESPAIR
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49. What are the three levels of moral development?
PRE-CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL POST-CONVENTIONAL
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50. What influences moral development?
COGNITIVE ABILITIES
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51. What term refers to inborn emotional excitability?
TEMPERMENT
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52. What term refers to externally taught changes in behavior?
LEARNING
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53. What term refers to anything that can harm an unborn baby?
TERATOGEN
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54. Please name the researcher who coined the term Language Acquisition Device.
NOAM CHOMSKY
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55. Please name the researcher who coined the term Critical Period.
ERIC LENNEBERG
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56. Please name the psychologist who did extensive research on parenting styles.
DIANA BAUMRIND
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57. At what stage of Cognitive Development does a child lack object permanence?
SENSORIMOTOR
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58. At what stage of Cognitive Development does a child exhibit egocentric thinking?
PRE-OPERATIONAL
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59. At what stage of Cognitive Development does a child?
CONCRETE OPERATIONS
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60. At what stage of Cognitive Development does a child exhibit abstract thinking?
FORMAL OPERATIONS
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61. At what level of Moral Development does a person adhere to Universal Ethical Principles?
POST CONVENTIONAL
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62. If weaned too early or too late, babies may fail to resolve the conflicts of this stage and develop what?
ORAL FIXATION
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63. Before people were diagnosed with OCD they would be described by a Freudian psychologist as having what?
ANAL FIXATION
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64. During the Phallic Stage a boy might develop what kind of complex?
OEDIPUS COMPLEX
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65. During the Phallic Stage a girl might develop what kind of complex?
ELECTRA COMPLEX
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66. Sexual maturation; the end of childhood and the point when reproduction is first possible.
PUBERTY
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67. The first menstrual period.
MENARCHE
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68. Period during which males achieve first ejaculation.
SPERMARCHE
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69. Uneven growth of body parts during adolescence.
ASYNCHRONY
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70. Combining or blending traditionally male and female characteristics.
ANDROGYNOUS
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71. The biological event in which a woman�s production of sex hormones is sharply reduced.
MENOPAUSE
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72. Seriously considering identity issues, but no commitment yet.
IDENTITY MORATORIUM ADOLESCENTS
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73. Have made a firm commitment on identity issues based on the suggestions of others.
IDENTITY FORECLOSURE ADOLESCENTS
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74. Have not given any thought to identity issues.
IDENTITY CONFUSED ADOLESCENTS
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75. Have freely committed to important identity issues.
IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT ADOLESCENTS
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76. According to Freud which part of the personality follows the Pleasure Principle?
ID
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77. According to Freud which part of the personality follows the Reality Principle?
EGO
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78. According to Freud which part of the personality follows the Morality Principle?
SUPEREGO
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79. What are the two parts of the ID?
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80. According to Freud, which part of the personality acts as the referee?
EGO
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81. Defense Mechanism: Replacing an unacceptable feeling with an opposite one.
REACTION FORMATION
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82. Defense Mechanism: Redirecting a forbidden desire into a socially acceptable desire.
SUBLIMATION
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83. Defense Mechanism: Not accepting the truth or the reality of a situation.
DENIAL
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84. Defense Mechanism: Pushing painful thoughts or memories out of the conscious mind.
REPRESSION
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85. Defense Mechanism: Taking out your anger on a less powerful person.
DISPLACEMENT
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86. Defense Mechanism: Creating a reason or excuse to make a wrong act seem right.
RATIONALIZATION
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87. Defense Mechanism: Going back to an earlier less mature pattern of behavior.
REGRESSION
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88. Defense Mechanism: Believing that emotions are not coming from within but are coming from other people.
PROJECTION
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89. Who was Sigmund Freud�s greatest student?
CARL JUNG
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90. According to Carl Jung, what part of the mind contains inherited instincts?
THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
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91. What term is defined as an inherited idea?
ARCHETYPE
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92. Jungian term, kind of person who likes to think; gets over stimulated by sensation.
INTROVERT
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93. Jungian term, kind of person who likes to do; does not get tired until they are alone.
EXTRAVERT
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94. Who coined the term inferiority complex?
ALFRED ADLER
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95. A pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source.
INFERIORITY COMPLEX
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96. What is Maslow�s term for a person realizing one�s unique potential?
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
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97. What is Rogers� term for a person realizing one�s unique potential?
FULLY FUNCTIONING
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98. What term refers to the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively?
CONDITIONS OF WORTH
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99. What term refers to the Humanist term for one�s image of oneself developed through interaction with others?
THE SELF
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100.The process of being valued by significant people in your life for who you are.
UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
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