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Central Dogma of Biology
explains how genetic info is converted into structures an functions.
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Gene
small section of DNA 30,000 in humans
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mRna
messenger RNA, which copies the gene from DNA
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_______ proteins are synthesized in a typical cell
2,000
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Genome
entire sum of DNA in a cell
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4 nitrogen bases are:
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
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DNA is made up of:
nucleotides which consits of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base
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Nucleotides are held together by:
Phosphodiester bonds that are between the sugar and phosphates.
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What bonds hold the sides of the DNA molecule together
Hydrogen between nitrogen bases.
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Antiparallel
DNA oriented in opposite directions
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The nitrogen bases are stacked ______nm apart with _____ pairs per complete turn of the helix
.34nm 10 pairs.
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Semiconservative replicantion-
making two daughter strands from a single parent strand
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Medium-
source of nutrients.
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Lysis-
process of cell being broken down
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Prokaryote-
- -No Nucleous
- -DNA is in one long circular DNAmolecule (Chromosome.)
- -Plamid-small ring of DNA floating in cytoplasm.
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Transformation-
when a plassmid which has a "gene of interest" is put into another cell.
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Autoclave-
sterilizer/pressure cooker
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Eukaryotic DNA is
packaged into chromosomes.
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Viral DNA
does not have cellular structures
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Bacteriophage-
Virus that attacks bacteria
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Gene therapy and viruses-
use of viruses as vectors to go and infiltrate bad cells and give them good genes to correct a problem.
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Steps to genetic engineering
- 1. Identification of the molecule of interest.
- 2. Isolation of gene.
- 3. Transforming or manipulation of DNA.
- 4. Harvesting the new product.
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rDNA technology-
taking a gene of interest and putting it into a cell to have it express that trait or protein.
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Site specific mutagenesis-
- The process of inducing changes in certain sections of a particular DNA code to enhance or improve the proteins functions.
- Ex: Cold Water Tide
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