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the origin of the trapezius includes:
- - external occipital protruberence
- - nuchal ligament and superiour nuchal line
- - spinous processes of c7-T12
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the insertion of the upper trapezius is
Lateral 1/3 clavicle & acromion
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the insertion of the middle trapezius is
spine of scapula and acromion
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the insertion of the lower trapezius is
root of the spine of scapula
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upper middle and lower trapezius all can
retract the scapula
-
the upper and lower trapezius together can
upwardly rotate the scapula
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the origin of the splenius capitis are the
- Nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T4
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the insertion of the splenius capitis is the
mastoid process and nearby part of the occipital bone. (or occiput)
-
the origins of the splenis cervicis are the
spinous process T4-T6
-
the insertion of the splenius cervicis is the
transverse processes of C1-C3
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The ACTIONS of the splenius capitis & Cervicis includes:
- -xtention of the neck (Bilaterak Action)
- -ateral flection of the neck (unilateral Action)
- -psilateral of the neck (unilateral action)
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the origin f the levator scapulae is
transverse processes of C1-C4
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INSERTION OF THE LEVATOR SCAPULAE IS
SUPERIOR MEDIAL BORDER OF SCAPULA
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the actions of the levator scapulae include:
- scapular elevation
- scapular retraction
- scapular downward rotation
-
the reverse action of both the upper trapezius and levator scapulae include
- neck extemtion (bilateral action)
- neck lateral flection (unilateral action)
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muscles that stabilize the capital (or Alanto - occipital/ Atlanto-Axial) joints include
- -Longus capitis Anterior and Rectus Capitis Lateralis
- -Longus Capitis and Longus Colli
- -The suboccipital group
-
The suboccipital muscles consist of
- Rectus capitis posterior major, minor
- obliquus capitis inferior and obliquus capitis superior
innervated by the suboccipital nerve.
-
nerves which innervate the splenis capitis and splenius cervicis are
the posterior or dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nervers
-
the medial lateral pectoral nerves innervate the
pectoralis major
-
the long thoracic nerves innervates
the serratus anterior
-
rector spinae is innervated by what nerves?
dorsal/posterior rami of cervicle. thoracic, and lumbar nerves.
-
the subcalvian nerve innevates
the subclavius
-
the insertion of the pectoralis major includes the
bicipital groove.
-
the dorsal scapular nerve innervates the
RHOMBOIDS
-
The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the
Latissimus Dorsi
-
proximal
closer to the trunk
-
distal
farther from the trunk
-
condyloid / ellipsoid joint
A BI-Axial Joint MCP joint
-
MCP JOINT (Metacarpophalangeal joint)
The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint[1]. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis.
-
synarthroses
A synarthrosis is a type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous
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amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis is a type of continuous, slightly movable joint
-
hinge joint
An Uni-Axial joint. ball and socket joint (elbow)
-
what is a condyle
A rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone.
-
Mandibular processes
- -Condylar process
- -Coranoid process
-
Temporal Bone Processes
- Mandibular Fossa
- styloid process
- mastoid process
- temporal fossa
-
occipital bone processes
- Extermal Occipital Protruberence
- Superior Nuchal Line
-
Sphenoid bone has what processes?
Pterygoid Processes
-
sagittal plane
the plane that divides the body into two side parts
-
Frontal Plane
The plane which divides the body into front and back parts
-
Transverse Plane
The plane which divides the body into top and bottom parts
-
Flextion
bending a joint/decreasing anlge (usually in saggital plane)
-
Extension
straghtening a joint/ increasing angle. (usually in sagittal plave.
-
Origin
The tendon attachment at the stable bone; proximal at limbs
-
insertion
the tendon attachment at the movable bone; distal at the limbs.
-
muscle belly
is a the "fleshy" part of a muscle between th origin and the insertoin.
-
Antagonist
Muscle apposing the prime mover.
-
-
Third class Lever
is the most common lver in the body. Mechanical advantage is speed.
-
First class lever
- SEE-SAWFulcrum is between effort and resistance.
- Mechanical advantage is BALANCE.
-
The ball and socket joints are synovial Joints
-
Fixators stabilize the origin of th prime mover
-
Plantarflexion
Flexion of a foot or hand, or of their digits. That is, bending fingers or toes towards the lower surface of the foot or hand. For example, bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface, as when standing on your toes - as opposed to ones heels
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TONE
- Even when a whole muscle is not contracting, a small number of its motor units are involuntarily activated to produce a sustained contraction of the muscle fibers. The process gives rise to muscle tone.
- To sustain muscle tone, small groups of motor units are alternately active and inactive in a constantly shifting pattern. Muscle tone keeps skeletal muscles firm, but it does not result in a contraction strong enough to produce movement.
-
Laminae and pedicles
form arches of vertebral canal
-
intervertebral disc
fibrocARTILIAGE CUSHION BETWEEN VERTEBRAL BODIES
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what is a spinous process?
thorn shaped medal posterior process.
-
transverse processes is a
- Lateral posterior processes.
- Forms "T" shape on the spine.
-
the function of ligaments is
to attach bones to bones
-
tendons
attach bones to bones and allows muscles to move.
-
L1-L5
Has small body and transverse foramina.
-
the insertion of the rhomboids is the
medial boarder of scapula
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