Manual Hematology

what is the purpose of a CBC?

what is the purpose of the microhematocrit determination?

In this test EDTA whole blood is centrifuged and total PCV is exprssed as a percentage of whole blood volume.

This layer of blood contains H2O, electrolytes, glucose, fats, proteins, gasses and clotting factors.

this is the layer where leukocytes and platelets are present.

this is the layer used to determine HCT known as the packed cell volume.

how full should you fill capillary tubes?

how long should microhematocrit samples be centrifuged for?

duplicates of microhematocrit should be within ____.

how do you report microhematocrit determination results?

microhematocrit reference values
Adult male:
adult female:
infant child:
newborn:

What are four conditions increased HCT can be seen in?

what four conditions decreased HCT can be seen in?

what are six sources of error for microhematocrit determination?

The purpose of this test is to screen for anemia in conjunction with the HCT and RBC count.

what is the main component of RBC's?

this transports oxygen to and CO2 from body tissues.

all forms of circulating hemoglobin (except sulfhemoglobin) readily convert to ________.

what is the reagent that oxidizes Hgb to methemoglobin by potassium ferricyanide?

methemoglobin converts to ____________ in presence of potassium cyanide.

what is the machine used to perform a hemoglobin test?

hemoglobin normal reference values
adult male:
adult female:
newborn:
infant:

decreased Hgb can be seen in what two conditons?

increased Hgb can be seen in what two conditons.

what are five sources of error in Hbg?

Why would Hgb C and Hgb S be sources of error in Hgb testing?

The purpose of this test is to detect leukopenia or leukocytosis and to monitor progress of diseases.

what is the methodology of a WBC count?

what are the three components of the diluent in an unopette?

what is the purpose of buffered ammonium oxalate in an unopette?

what is the purpose of sorensen's buffer in an unopette?

what is the purpose of thimerosal in an unopette?

what volume does the unopette capillary pipet hold?

What is the device used to perform a WBC and platelet count?

how many primary squares are there in a hemacytometer?

where do you perform an erythrocyte count in a hemacytometer?

where do you perform a leukocyte count on a hemacytometer?

where do you perform a platelet count on a hemacytometer?

what is the normal reference values for WBC count
Adult:
Newborn:

Leukopenia is seen in what four conditons?

Leukocytosis is seen in what five conditions?

to detect thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia is the purpose of what test?

normal reference value for platelet count

thrombocytosis can be seen in what four condtions?

thrombocytopenia can be seen in what three condtions?

what does ESR stand for?

to detect a nonspecific response to acute and chronic infection, inflammation, and tissue necrosis or infarction is the purpose of what test?

what is the methodology for ESR?

what test measures the rate RBC's fall in diluted human plasma?

how long must the tube be allowed to stand in a vertical position undistuirbed in an ESR?

how do you report ESR results?

normal reference values for ESR
Men:
women:

what type of ESR result would be seen in patients able to form rouleaux?

reading after ___ hours will falsely decrease ESR results.

what is the quality control for ESR.

to determine the relative amount of effective erythopoiesis taking place in bone marrow is the purpose of what test?

what is the methodology for a reticulocyte count?

immature RBC's that still contain RNA and ribosomes are called what?

______ amounts of whole blood is incubated with new methylene blue for ___ minutes

how may RBC's will you count when performing a reticulocyte count?

how many discrete blue granules must be counted to call a RBC a reticulocyte?

normal reference values for reticulocyte count
Adults:
Newborns:

what are two conditions that increased retic counts may be seen?

what are two conditions that decreased retic counts may be seen in?

The purpose of __________ is to serve as a quality control mechanism to check RBC count, Hgb and Hct measurements

Average volume of RBC's in femtoliter (fL)

Average weight of Hgb in RBC's in picograms (pg)

Average concentration of hemoglobin in each individual RBC in percent or grams/dL.

A degree of cell size variation expressed in percent.

formula for MCV

Formula for MCH

Formula for MCHC

formula for RDW

normal reference value for MCV

normal reference value for MCH

normal reference value for MCHC

normal reference value for RDW

How do you interpret results of MCV?

What does MCH indicate?

what can a decreased MCH be seen in?

what can an increased MCH be seen in?

increased MCH can be seen in what?

what does MCHC indicate?

what is the normal central pallor of a RBC?

to provide additional information for the diagnosis of hematologic disorders in conjunction with the WBC, RBC and platelet counts is the purpose of what test?

What is the definition f a WBC differential?

what are the components of a WBC differential?

When scanning a blood smear under 10x what do you check?

When performing a WBC diff what do you check under 40x?

how do you perform a WBC estimate?

average WBC/HPF equates to how many estimated total WBC/mm³

2-4
4-6
6-10
10-20

when performing RBC morphology what do you check?

if there are more than 10 NRBC's in your peripheral blood smear what is the formula to correct the WBC count?

how would you report Megakaryocytic cells, smudge cells, or epithelial cells?

how is a platelet estimation performed on a WBC differential?

how is a platelet estimation reported?

if platelet estimated differs from the automated count what should be checked?

WBC Diff normal reference values
Segs:
Band:
Lymphs:
Mono:
Eosinophils:
Basophils:

How are results reported for a WBC diff?

Neutrophilia is seen in:

Eosinophilia is seen in:

Basophilia is seen in:

Lymphocytosis is seen in:

monocytosis is seen in:

what three things does CSF provide the CNS?

total volume of CSF
Adults:
Neonates:

what five items is CSF examined for?

In CSF ________ in conjunction with a differential is useful in diagnosis of disease.

What type of stain is used for a CSF differential

how soon must a CSF differential be done

CSF is collected in 3 plain sterile tubes. What is each tube used for?

between what vertebrae is a lumbar puncture performed?

what type of stain is used to perform a cell count on CSF?

When performing a WBC count on CSF how where do you count the WBC's?

what is the formula to calculate the total WBC count in CSF?

true or false
the same procedure is used in both the WBC count and RBC count in CSF
True False

what is the formula to detect added WBC due to traumatic tap in CSF?

how do you report a CSF diff if <100 cells are counted?

normal reference values for CSF
Color:
Appearance:
WBC count:
RBC count:

normal reference values for CSF Diff

how can you tell if xanthochromia is the result of intracranial hemorrhage?

How can you tell if xanthochromia is the result of a traumatic tap?

if CSF is clotted but no blood is present what does that indicate?

what are three causes of an increased WBC count in CSF?

What are three causes of increased neutrophils in CSF?

what are two causes of increased lymphocytes in CSF?

what are two causes of increased moncytes in CSF?

What are two causes of increased eosinophils in CSF?

what is a cause of a blast in CSF?

what are three results in CSF that require review?

what type of body fluid contains hyaluronate?

what type of body fluid supplies nutrients to cartilage and acts as a lubricant for joints?

what type of anticoagulant should be used on synovial fluid for a cell count or differential?

why do you use a plain sterile tube for the viscosity and crystal exam on synovial fluid?

what type of mycroscopy should be used for synovial fluid crystal exam?

crystal exams must be run ASAP because of what two factors that affect crystal solubility in synovial fluid?

what are the most common crystals seen in synovial fluid?

what is the appearance of MSU crystals?

how do CPPD crystals appear in polorized microscopy?

normal reference value for synovial fluid
color:
appearance:
WBC count:
RBC count:

normal reference values for synovial fluid diff
mononuclears:
neutrophils:

what are two causes of an increased cell count in synovial fluid?

what could cause an increased neutrophil in a synovial fluid diff

what could cause an increase in lymphocytes in synovial fluid?

why would inflammation cause a low viscosity in synovial fluid?

what could cause the presence of MSU's in synovial fluid?

what could cause the presence of CPPD in synovial fluid?

what type of serous membrane lines cavity walls?

what type of serous membranes covers organs within a cavity?

The fluid between two serous membranes that is an ultrafiltrate of plasma is called what?

this type of serous fluid forms due to systemic disorders that result in a disruption of the balance in the regulation of fluid filtration and reabsorption.

this type of serous fluid forms due to conditions directly involving the membranes themselves and results from inflammatory process

what is the function of serous fluids?

normal reference values for serous fluids
color:
appearance:
WBC count:
RBC count:

what are the predominant cells in serous fluid?

on a serous fluid diff what percent of your cells should be neutrophils?

what could cause the following colors in serous fluid?
yellow white:
red brown:
yellow brown:
milky green:

what could cause an increased cell count in serous fluid?

what could cause an increase in neutrophils in serous fluid?