AP&T

stomach

anus

appendix

appendix

weight

cheek

cecum

bile; gall

bile duct

gallbladder

common bile duct

colon

colon

tooth

duodenum

small intestine

esophagus

gums

tongue

liver

ilem

jejeunum

lip

abdomen

tongue

stone

tooth

mouth

palate

pancreas

pharynx; throat

anus and rectum

pylorus

rectum

salivary gland

sigmoid colon

vomit

condition of stones

appetite

digestion

eat, swallow

pertaining to a meal

surgical crushing

• 30 feet of muscular tubing in GI system
• AKA gut; gi tract

• *oral cav *stomach
• *pharynx *small intestine
• *esophagus *colon

• *liver
• *pancreas
• *gallbladder
• *salivary glands

• *lubricants
• *digestive enzymes

• *speech prod
• *gag reflex

front teeth that bite, tear, or cut

rear teeth that grind

part of tooth above gum line

part of tooth below gum line

• *cementum
• *periodontal ligaments

• *hardest material in body
• *covers crowns of teeth

material under enamel that makes up bulk of tooth

hollow interior of crown

hollow interior of the root

• *blood vessels
• *nerves
• *lymph vessels

baby teeth (20)

32 teeth that begin replacing baby teeth around age 6-20

• *oropharynx
• *laryng/o

cartilaginous flap that folds to cover larynx and trachea so food doesn't enter lungs

muscular tube below epiglottis (abt 10" in adults)

muscular contractions of esophagus to move food

• *fundus (upper region)
• *body (main portion)
• *antrum (lower region)

folds in stomach lining that stretch when stomach is full

secreted by glands in mucous membrane lining of stomach

liquid mixture of HCl, gastric juices and food (this is what the stomach breaks the food down to)

muscular valves that control entry into and exit from the stomach

• *AKA lower esophageal sphincter
• *keeps food from going backward into esophagus

• *valve at the end of the antrum
• *regulates passage into small intestine

• *loc'd between pyloric sphincter and the colon
• *where most of digestion and absorption occurs
• *approx 20'

• *extends 10-12" from pyloric sphincter to jejunum
• *where chyme mixes with juices frm pancreas and gllblddr
• to complete digestion

• *duodenum
• *jejunum
• *ileum

• *middle part of sm. intestine/between duodenum and ileum
• *approx 8'

• *final part of sm. intestine btwn jejunum and colon
• *approx 12'

connects ileum to colon

• *AKA large intestine
• *where most water from the liquid that enters from the ileum after chyme has been proc'd
• *approx 5'

colon/large intestine

pouch loc'd in the first few inches of the colon

small, worm-shaped outgrowth at end of cecum

• *ascending colon
• *descending colon
• *transverse colon
• *sigmoid colon

extends from cecum to lower border of liver

2nd section of colon that extends from ascending colon across the abdomen horizontally, toward spleen

3rd portion of colon that extends from transverse colon down the left side of the body

• *4th portion of colon that extends from descending colon to the rectum
• *S-shaped to bring the tract back to midline

• *portion of GI tract that stores feces
• *leads to anus

*contains anal sphincter that consists of rings of vol and invol muscles that control evacuation

• *formed by mixing of food and saliva during chewing
• *food ready to swallow

• *digestive enzyme found in saliva
• *begins digestion of carbs

• *parotid glands (in front of ears)
• *submandibular glands (floor of mouth)
• *sublingual glands (floor of mouth)

• *prod of bile
• *proc'ing of nutrients
• *detox

• *emulsifies large fat globules
• *produced by liver/stored in gallbladder

process by which large fat globs are broken down into smaller, more easily digested droplets by bile

downward duct that bile travels thru from liver to gallbladder

upward duct that bile travels thru from liver to gallbladder

carried bile into duodenum where emulsification happens

• *connected to duodenum by pancreatic duct
• *produces/secretes buffers and pancreatic enzymes
• *an endocrine gland that produces insulin and glucagon

pancreatic secretion that neutralizes the HCl in chyme as it leaves the stomach

• *carbs
• *fats
• *proteins

collection/accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

loss of weight and generalized wasting due to chronic disease

cavity/tooth decay

bright red blood in stool

yellow cast to skin, mucous membranes and whites of eyes caused by deposit of bile pigment due to too much bilirubin in blood

• *dark, tarry stool
• *color caused by digestive enzymes working on blood in intestinal tract

small tumor with pedicle or stem attachment usually found in nose or colon

heartburn caused by stomach acid splashing up into esophagus

ulcers in the mouth of unk cause

enlarged varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus, often related to liver disease

protrusion of the stomach thru the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity

GERD is a common sympton

ulcers in lower esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum

abbrev PUD

abnormal, tubelike passage from surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum

form of chronic IBS affecting the ileum, and/or colon

iniflammation of diverticulum (outpouch off gut), esp in colon, often happens when food becomes trapped in the pouch

condition of having diverticulum

severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, ab distension due to blockage

protrusion of a loop of small intestine into the inguinal (groin) region thru a weak spot in the abs that develops into a hole

part of intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below

• small tumors that contain a peticle (stem like attchmnt) in mucous membranes of colon
• *possibly pre-cancerous

chronic inflammatory cond that prods numerous ulcers to form on mucous membrane of colon

aka: IBD/irritable bowel disease

bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruciton

presence of gallstones

placing nasogastric tube to provide nourishement

using a nasogastric tube to wash out the stomach

100% nutrition provided thru feeding tube

to surgically create a connection between 2 organs or vessels

crushing of gallstones in common bile duct

before meals

barium enema

• esophagogastroduodenoscopy
• (visual exam of esophagus, stomach and beginning of duodenum)