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What problem has symptoms of a diastolic murmur, widened pulse pressure and a bounding pulse?
Aortic Regurgitation
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What is another name for narrowing?
Stenosis
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How is Mitral Stenosis like A-fib?
They both can cause blood clots because the blood is pooling.
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What valve disease can become worse with exercise?
Mitral Stenosis
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What valve disease is characterized by a weak, irregular pulse and A-fib?
Mitral Stenosis
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What type of valve replacement does not get infected easily, does not deteriorate but will require life-long Coumadin therapy?
Mechanical Valve
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What is a homograft valve?
A human valve
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Infectious Heart Diseases are named for what?
The layer of the heart that is affected
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If a patient has a heart disease, what must be done before any surgery?
Antibiotic Treatment
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What is the most common cause of Mitral Valve Prolapse?
Mitral Valve Regurgitation.
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What causes Rheumatic fever?
The bacteria that causes strep throat.
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Blood flowing back from the Left ventricle to the left atrium with left atrial hypertrophy.
Mitral Valve Prolapse
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What causes a Mitral Murmur?
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
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Heart disease common in kids who get strep throat.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
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What valve disease causes swollen feet. lung congestion and heart palpitations?
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
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What is failure of the aortic valve to close tightly causing backflow of blood into the left ventricle?
Aortic Regurgitation
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Can you explain the treatment for Dilated CMP?
It's palliative, not curable. May require a transplant. Increase contractibility and decrease afterload (as in HF).
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Where does extra fluid accumulate with Dilated CMP?
Pleural cavity.
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What is the most common cause of sudden death in young, healthy people?
Hypertrophic CMP
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In Hypertrophic CMP the heart muscle (gets thinner/gets thicker/stays the same).The ventricle cannot (contract/relax).
Muscle gets thicker. Ventricle cannot relax
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In IHSS an ECHO will show what?
(L) ventricle hypertrophy
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What is it when a valve of the heart is leaky?
Regurgitation
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What is it called when the valve of the heart doesn't want to open?
Stenosis
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Blood can flow back from the left ventricle to left atrium. A click can be heard.
MVP-Mitral Valve Prolapse
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What is defined by a group of heart muscle diseases that affect the structural or functional ability of the myocardial cells?
Cardiomyopathy
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What form of cardiomyopathy has an unknown etiology& involves only the heart muscle?
Primary
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What form of cardiomyopathy is caused from another disease?
Secondary
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What is amyloidosis?
When protein gets into organs and tissue
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Name 4 diseases that cause secondary cardiomyopathy.
Cardiotoxic Agents, HTN (if uncontrolled for a long time), Amyloidosis, Myocarditis
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All types of cardiomyopathy can lead to what?
Heart Failure
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What does Dilated CMP resemble?
Heart Failure
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In Dilated CMP the muscle wall of the heart (thickens/does not thicken) while the ventricle chamber itself (increases, decreases, stays the same size).
Heart muscle walls do not thicken. Ventricle increases in size.
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What infectious heart disease may be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or an allergic reaction?
Myocarditis
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What is inflammation of the pericardium called?
Pericarditis
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What infectious heart disease may be causes by a complicated viral infest or less frequently by influenza and HIV?
Pericarditis
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What is the medical management for pericarditis?
Antibiotics for bacteria or Antifungal for fungus and Corticosteriods for inflammation Diuretics for excess fluid in the pericardial sac Analgesics for pain
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Which infectious heart disease can be the most painful? Why?
Pericarditis. Pressure from the fluid compresses the heart.
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What is compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up?
Cardiac Tamponade
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What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade?
Pericardiocentesis to drain the fluid around the heart.
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What condition has classic signs of chest pain radiating to the neck, shoulders, back or belly. Usually sharp or stabbing. Gets worse with deep breaths or coughing?
Cardiac Tamponade.
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Infectious heart disease that often begins after surgery?
Endocarditis
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What infectious heart disease can be caused by Janeway Lesions or Osler's Nodes?
Endocarditis
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What are red spots on palm of hands or soles of feet that are not painful but can allow bacteria to enter the body and causes endocarditis?
Janeway Lesions
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What are painful red areas on the soles of the feet and palms of hands that can lead to endocarditis?
Osler's Nodes
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Who are high risk patients for endocarditis?
IV drug users, Prior valve surgery patients, dental surgeries, and patients with weak valves
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What is the medical management for endocarditis?
Antibiotic therapy. Usually 6 weeks.
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If a new murmur is detected is may be a signs of what disease?
Endocarditis
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What is inflammation of the heart muscle?
Myocarditis
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What valve disease is characterized by a loud systolic murmur?
Aortic Stenosis
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What is it called when a valve of the heart doesn't close properly, causing backflow?
Prolapse
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What does Dilated CMP often follow?
Infectious Myocarditis
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