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Learning
defined as a change in behavior due to experience.
Learning
interaction between what a person does (responses) and what the environment does (stimulus events).
Unconditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that elicits an automatic, unlearned physiological or emotional response
Unconditioned Response
Participant’s automatic, unlearned physiological response to this stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that is originally neutral but will be later used to elicit the desired response through its pairing with the US
Conditioned Response
A learned pattern of behavior that typically is similar or identical to the UR, except that it is elicited from the CS rather than the US
contingency
when one event depends upon the other
temporal contiguity
proximity in time between US and CS; nearness of these two events
antiguity
phase in which the conditioned response strengthens and the probability of the conditioned response being performed increases.
extinction
continued presentation of the CS without the US (e.g. buzzer without shock) à occurrence of the CR decreases gradually.
counter conditioning
replace the positive association between US and CS with a negative association by substituting a new US which has different UR
spontaneous recovery
CR reappears without any environmental prompting
stimulus generalization
CR to the observed similarity of a new stimulus to the CS
Stimulus Discrimination
as the observed difference between a new stimulus and the old CS increases, the probability of the CR decreases
law of effect
Rxn to behavior is positive à Behavior tends to be repeated
Behavior/response
performed
:
Rxn to behavior is negative à Behavior tends to cease
Operant Conditioning
The process by which behavior is either strengthened or weakened by its consequences—the behavior operates on the environment.
Positive Reinforcement
applying a rewarding or pleasant stimulus with the intention of increasing the likelihood of recurrence
Negative Reinforcer
removal or cessation of an unpleasant stimulus—increases the probability of the behavior that preceded it will be repeated.
Punishment
a process that decreases the probability of an operant response
Positive Punishment
application of an unpleasant stimulus
avoidance learning – refrain from a behavior to avoid the negative consequences.
Negative Punishment
removal of pleasant stimulus
Punishment Table
Apply Add Remove Take-away
Pleasant Stimulus
: Positive Reinforcement & Negative Punishment
Unpleasant Stimulus
: Positive Punishment & Negative Reinforcement
Author
vstjulian
ID
123628
Card Set
Learning
Description
Final Exam Sect 2
Updated
2011-12-14T16:23:21Z
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